Membrane Fouling and Chemical Cleaning in Three Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Plants Producing Demineralized Water

Figure 3

Key performance parameters NPD (a) and (b) of plant location III. Vertical lines indicate CIP. Horizontal lines indicate performance with new membranes [day zero]. From this installation, a lead element from the first stage was taken (12.01.2011). Time point of membrane autopsy is indicated with dark grey arrow.

(a)

(b)