Design Tools for Bolted End-Plate Beam-to-Column Joints

<div>Accuracy of the approximate equations for selected values of the ratio <span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.584pt" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-3.29567pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 25.0446 12.584" width="25.0446pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M530 686C535 705 530 712 521 712C504 712 448 684 359 674L358 648H393C437 648 439 646 429 593L400 435C372 447 345 448 332 448C286 448 194 414 144 373C68 311 23 203 23 111C23 26 57 -12 91 -12C120 -12 147 3 188 29C227 54 290 102 341 170H343L322 71C308 6 320 -12 341 -12C373 -12 442 27 501 96L485 120C455 91 422 67 408 67C401 67 401 76 404 91C440 294 479 473 530 686ZM387 375L355 241C326 187 200 53 142 53C126 53 109 73 109 130C109 217 154 337 218 381C240 396 265 404 297 404S372 390 387 375Z" id="g113-101"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.215,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z" id="g113-48"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.576,0)"><path d="M324 430H196L233 583L223 592L145 529L120 430H54L29 396L31 388H111L56 126C33 15 54 -12 77 -12C137 -12 214 57 250 95L233 119C208 92 155 59 138 59C126 59 120 70 131 125L186 390L298 394L324 430Z" id="g113-117"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.944,3.132)"><path d="M56 439L27 407L32 396H103V106C103 41 96 35 31 30V0H271V29C191 37 184 40 184 110V396H293C304 404 309 428 303 439H184V473C183 558 195 604 207 623S234 653 261 653C293 653 322 635 341 616C350 607 360 606 370 614C381 622 386 631 389 638C394 652 393 664 384 675C366 696 339 708 303 710C263 705 225 686 190 655C137 608 121 561 114 538S103 487 103 456V439H56Z" id="g58-100"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.432,3.132)"><path d="M396 114C349 71 317 59 274 59C216 59 123 104 123 241C123 342 180 400 246 400C283 400 317 386 348 359C355 352 361 348 366 348C378 348 401 371 402 394C402 405 398 413 385 424C369 437 337 451 294 451H293C254 451 193 434 141 394C73 342 39 277 39 198C39 90 114 -12 243 -12C303 -12 371 31 415 90L396 114Z" id="g58-97"></path></g></svg>:</span> normalized stiffness.</div>

Journal of Engineering

Design Tools for Bolted End-Plate Beam-to-Column Joints

Figure 12