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| Category | Critical characteristics | Description |
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| Learning content (built-in mechanism for skill adaptation) | Global citizenship skills | Include content that focuses on building awareness about the wider world, sustainability, and playing an active role in the global community |
| Innovation and creativity skills | Include content that fosters skills required for innovation, including complex problem-solving, analytical thinking, creativity, and system analysis |
| Interpersonal skills | Include content that focuses on interpersonal emotional intelligence, including empathy, cooperation, negotiation, leadership, and social awareness |
| Technology skills | Include content that focuses on interpersonal emotional intelligence, including empathy, cooperation, negotiation, leadership, and social awareness |
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| Experiences (leveraging innovative pedagogies) | Personalized and self-paced learning | Move from a system where learning is standardized to the one based on the diverse individual needs of each learner and flexible enough to enable each learner to progress at their own pace |
| Accessible and inclusive learning | Move from a system where learning is confined to those with access to school buildings to the one in which everyone has access to learning and is therefore inclusive |
| Problem-based and collaborative learning | Move from process-based to project- and problem-based content delivery, requiring peer collaboration and more closely mirroring the future of work |
| Lifelong and student-driven learning | Move from a system where learning and skilling decrease over one’s lifespan to the one where everyone continuously improves on existing skills and acquires new ones based on their individual needs |
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