| | S/N | Technology | Applications | References |
| | 1 | 3D printing | Surgery: surgical marking guide, implant placement guide, radiation shield, and surgical saw guide | [429–434] | | MERT: patient education | [429, 430, 432, 435] | | MDE: implants (metallic implants, tracheal splint; cranial implants), tissue and organ manufacturing (organ on chips), scaffold manufacturing, respiratory apparatus (ventilators), PPE (face mask and shield), prosthetics and orthotics (e.g., knee replacement; nasal stent; hearing aid cases), and active and wearable devices (wearable sensors, lab on a chip, and microfluidics) | [428–432, 434, 436–440] | | Medical imaging: anatomical modeling, organoids, e.g., 3D-printed model of coronavirus | [428, 430, 431, 433, 434, 437, 439] | | PDDD: construction of oral dosage medications, pills or drug printing, tables, drug-delivery implants, and transdermal delivery | [430–432, 437, 439, 440] | | Dentistry | [431, 432, 437, 439] |
| | 2 | AI | DDPPPT: prediction and treatment of diseases such as stroke and cancer | [122, 441–446] | | Medical imaging | [442, 443, 447] | | Monitoring: patient care, diabetes care, eye care, and adult care or wellbeing | [442–444, 446, 448] | | Surgery | [442] | | MERT: virtual assistant for patients | [442, 443, 448] | | MDE: AI-based wearables | [442] | | PDDD: for discovery of a new class of diagnostics and treatment | [442, 443, 445, 446, 448] |
| | 3 | AR | MERT: medical education and training | [449–455] | | Monitoring: wellness (adult care) | [453, 455–458] | | DDPPPT: rehabilitation, diagnosis, and prediction | [458, 459] | | TMR: information (telemedicine) | [449–451, 453, 459] | | Surgery: surgical planning, surgical navigation, and surgical rehearsal | [450, 451, 453, 454, 457, 458, 460] | | Medical imaging: anatomical imaging | [451] |
| | 4 | Big data | Medical imaging | [461, 462] | | Monitoring: real-time monitoring | [461–463] | | DDPPPT: treatment (precision medicine) | [122, 461–469] | | TMR: patient care (patient drug history, clinical trials, and medical records) and medical data management | [461, 463–465, 468] | | MERT: clinical research | [465] | | PDDD: drug discovery and design | [463, 464] | | HFMPO: fraud detection in healthcare facilities and workflow process optimization | [463, 465] |
| | 5 | Blockchain | DDPPPT: medical data privacy and security, medical fraud detection, diagnosis, and prescription tracking | [470–473] | | TMR: electronic health record (EHR) modification, medical data management (patient-centred), personal health records (PHRs), and medication regimen | [403, 470–480] | | HFMPO: independent medical reviews, claim and billing management, control of contracts for healthcare service, healthcare delivery, drug tracing, tracking and verification, drug supply chain management | [471–473, 478, 481, 482] | | MERT: clinical and neuroscience research, education of medical staff | [471, 478, 481] | | Monitoring: blockchain for 5G-enabled IoT | [483] |
| | 6 | Cloud computing | TMR: teleconsultation, EHRs, PHRs, patient-centred | [484–487] | | Monitoring: fitness and wellness monitoring | [488] | | HFMPO: patient assignment scheduling, clinical operation, and workflow optimization | [488, 489] | | DDPPPT: treatment of disease (stroke), therapy | [487, 490] | | Medical imaging | [487, 488] |
| | 7 | Drones | HFMPO: transportation of medical goods (medications, vaccines, biological samples, medical devices, tissue, patient), healthcare delivery and pick-up services, emergency response (transport of blood and plasma), deployment of networks for data harvesting in unconnected areas | [491–496] | | DDPPPT: disease prevention (sterile mosquito release for vector control), public health disaster relief (disaster prediction and management, detection of harmful substances) | [492, 496] | | TMR: telemedicine | [492] | | MERT: health research | [496] |
| | 8 | IoT | Monitoring: homecare (IoT-based information system), caring and monitoring of patients, Internet of Health Things (IoHT), wearable Internet of things (WIoT) | [422, 424, 497–499] | | MDE: Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) (IoT in implantable and wearable devices) | [422, 500] | | DDPPPT: Internet of nano-Things (IoNT) (IoT in nanomedicine for diagnostics, treatment, preventive health, chronic care disease management, and follow-up care) | [422] | | TMR: Internet of mobile-health Things (m-IoT) (remote monitoring of patients), wearable Internet of Things (WIoT) | [414, 422, 501, 502] |
| | 9 | Nanotechnology | MDE: biodegradable and bioactive sutures and dressings, drug-eluting stents and scaffolds, cell production, nanobiosensors | [503–505] | | DDPPPT: gene therapy, diagnosis, cancer treatments | [503–506] | | Surgery | [505] | | PDDD: drug delivery, drug coating, and encapsulation | [503] |
| | 10 | Robotics | TMR: tele-healthcare | [507] | | Surgery | [508–511] | | Monitoring: care and wellness | [511] | | DDPPPT: diagnosis and rehabilitation | [508, 511] | | MERT: training | [511] |
| | 11 | Simulation | HFMPO: operation process improvement and optimization, resource planning, emergency room efficiency improvement | [512–517] | | MERT: clinical or midwifery education and training, clinical research | [515, 518–523] |
| | 12 | Synthetic biology | PDDD: drug development, vaccine, biopolymer vaccines, antimalaria, antibiotics, drug delivery (caveospheres), antimicrobial agents: engineered phages (viruses) | [524–528] | | DDPPPT: gene therapy (bacteria cells), e.g., chromosome-free cell or SimCells, DNA assembly, transplantation, and recombination, genome editing, diagnostics, biologics and biodetection, metabolomics | [524, 527–532] | | MDE: implant (wound care), new biosensors and smart microdevices and nanodevices, re-engineered antibodies and cellular therapeutics for cancer, T-cells, CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) technology, theragnostic cell lines, artificial enzymes, making neurons, regenerative medicine, cybernetic systems | [524, 526–528, 531–533] | | Medical imaging: biomarker | [528, 532] |
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