Sustainable and Dynamic Competitiveness towards Technological Leadership of Industry 4.0: Implications for East African Community

Table 9

Technology focus of industry 4.0 initiatives.

Technology	DS & HTS 2025	MUSA	MIC 2025	Society 5.0	Make in India	CF
IoT	○	○	✓	○	✓	✓
Big data	○	○	✓	✓	✓	✓
3D printing	○	✓	○	○	○	○
Cloud computing	○	○	✓	✓	✓	✓
AI	○	○	✓	✓	○	○
CPS	○	○	✓	✓	○	○
Robots	○	○	✓	○	○	✓
Modeling and simulation	○	✓	✓	○	○	✓
Nanotechnology	○	✓	○	○	○	○
Smart services	○	○	○	✓	○	○
Smart factory	○	✓	○	○	○	○
Mobile devices	○	○	○	○	✓	○
Biotechnology	○	✓	○	○	○	○
Cyber security	○	○	○	✓	✓	○
Advanced materials	○	✓	○	○	○	○
System integration	○	○	○	○	○	✓

AI: artificial intelligence, CPS: cyber physical system, and IoT: Internet of things.