Cells Electrical Characterization: Dielectric Properties, Mixture, and Modeling Theories

Figure 5

Illustration of (a) the one shell model and (b) dual shell model. All the subscripts for the complex permittivity designate the plasma membrane (m), inner phase of the cell (i), cytoplasm (cyt), nuclear envelope (ne), and nucleoplasm (np). The other parameters are as follows: the outer cell radius (R), outer radius of the nucleus (R_n), plasma membrane thickness (d), and thickness of the nuclear envelope (dn).