Energy Efficiency Performances of LVDC Nanogrids Powered Buildings

Table 1

Main DC voltage levels and applications.

Voltage level	Applications
1500 V	PV systems, traction systems, marine, aircraft system, LVDC distribution system.; Distributed energy network using interconnected DC nanogrids [3, 7, 8, 10]
750 V, 400 V	Industry and transportation (metro, Tram power systems); Electric vehicles [3]
380 V	Standard in the data center industry, buildings, commercial buildings centers [11–14]
48 V	Telecom, small PV systems [10, 15, 16]
24 V	Lighting systems (LED) standards for DC distribution, according to industry experts interviewed. DC-house DC–DC converter: 380 VDC/24 VDC [10, 15, 16]
12 V	Lighting, automotive industry [10, 15, 16]
5 V	Microprocessors and electronics [10, 15, 16]