Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research Article

Hierarchical Modulation with Vector Rotation for E-MBMS Transmission in LTE Systems

Table 1

Complexity comparison between HM and “HM with VR”.
Operation for detecting symbols of two continuous intervalsComplex multiplicationComplex additionModuleTimes
HM/HM with CR | 𝑦 𝑖 / ℎ 𝑖 − ̂ 𝑥 𝑖 | × 2 111 2 𝑀 𝑐
HM with VR | 𝑦 b l 𝑖 / ℎ 𝑖 − ̂ 𝑥 b l 𝑖 | × 2 111 𝑀 𝑐 / 4
| 𝐐 ( 2 , ∶ ) 𝐲 e l − 𝑟 2 , 2 ̂ 𝑥 e l 2 | 321 𝑀 𝑐 / 4
| 𝐐 ( 1 , ∶ ) 𝐲 e l − 𝑟 1 , 2 ̂ 𝑥 e l 2 − 𝑟 1 , 1 ̂ 𝑥 e l 1 | 321 𝑀 ⋅ 𝑀 𝑐 / 4