Intelligent Process of Spectrum Handoff/Mobility in Cognitive Radio Networks

Table 1

Comparison of spectrum handoff techniques.

Techniques	Strong point	Weak point	Handoff latency	Principal characteristics
Pure proactive handoff	(i) Predicts the arrival of PU on the channel	(i) Obsolete target channel selection	Very weak handoff time	(i) Appropriate for large detection data
	(ii) Fastest response collision rate reduction			(ii) Exploitable in a well-modeled PU network
		(ii) Poor PU traffic detection leads to poor handoff results
Pure reactive handoff	(i) Target channel selected accurately	Slow response	Medium handoff time	(i) Appropriate for short detection time data
				(ii) Exploitable for normal CRNs
Hybrid handoff	(i) Fastest response	(i) Selection of the obsolete target channel	Very weak handoff time	(i) Appropriate for short detection time data
	(ii) Intelligent target selection	(ii) Poor proactive spectrum detection results in poor spectrum handoff
Nonhandoff schemes	(i) Very low interference level of PU	Very high interference level of SU	Incredibly high latency