Comparison of Optimization- and Rule-Based EMS for Domestic PV-Battery Installation with Time-Varying Local SoC Limits

Table 1

Functioning modes of the EMS.

Mode	Load supply sources	Battery	Utility
1	Solar power	Charging	Exporting
2	Solar power	Charging	Idle
3	Solar power	Idle	Exporting
4	Solar power (if available), battery, utility	Discharging	Importing
5	Solar power (if available), battery	Discharging	Idle
6	Solar power (if available), utility	Idle	Importing