Research Article
Static Voltage Stability Assessment of the Kenyan Power Network
Table 1
Reported voltage collapse incidents over the years [
1].
| Date (mm/dd/yy) | Location | Time frame | Interrupted load | Remarks |
| 08/22/70 | Japan | 30 minutes | — | — | 07/23/78 | Japan (Tokyo) | 20 minutes | 8.168 GW | — | 12/19/78 | France | 26 minutes | 29 GW | Estimated cost: $200–300 million | 08/04/82 | Belgium | 4.5 minutes | — | — | 09/02/82, 11/26/82, 30/11/82 | USA (Florida) | 1–3 minutes | 2 GW | — | 12/27/82 | Sweden | 55 seconds | 11.4 GW | — | 05/17/85 | USA (South Florida) | 4 seconds | 4.292 GW | — | 11/30/86 | S. E Brazil, Paraguay | 2 seconds | >1.2 GW | — | 01/12/87 | Western France | 6-7 minutes | ∼9 GW | System did not collapse but stabilised at low voltage level; 0.5–0.8 pu and recovered after shedding 1.5 GW | 08/22/87 | USA (W. Tennessee) | 10 seconds | 1.265 GW | — | 06/08/85 | Israel | 19 minutes | ∼3.140 GW | — | May 1997 | Chile | 30 minutes | 2 GW | — | 08/14/03 | USA, Canada | 39 minutes | 63 GW | Estimated cost: $4–10 billion people affected: 50 million | 09/23/03 | South Sweden, East Denmark | — | 6.55 GW | People affected: 4 million | 07/12/04 | S. Greece | 30 minutes | 5 GW | — | 11/11/09 | Brazil, Paraguay | 68 seconds | 24.436 GW | — | 07/30/12, 07/31/12 | India | — | — | People affected; 700 million |
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