Optimized Model Torque Prediction Control Strategy for BLDCM Torque Error and Speed Error Reduction System

Table 4

Comparison of error analysis.

Solving techniques	Speed		Torque
	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation
WOA	8.99E − 108	2.55E − 2	0.00056	5.55E − 8
DA	7.56E − 105	8.99E − 5	0.00189	9.12E − 9
ACO	6.88E − 118	6.59E − 4	0.00285	1.68E − 12
IWOA	9.62E − 180	0	5.62E − 99	6.65E − 16
GWO	0.000056	2.62E-6	0.00089	5.95E − 8