Optimized Model Torque Prediction Control Strategy for BLDCM Torque Error and Speed Error Reduction System

Table 6

Population size of the optimal solution in the 5-stage model.

Range of population values (%)	Optimal solution values for advanced algorithms
	WOA	DA	ACO	IWOA	GWO
20	26.5	29.5	28.4	30.4	36.5
40	29.8	36.8	30.6	42.5	39.4
60	30.8	30.5	27.2	56.5	28.6
80	25.1	29.5	21.5	58.9	19.7
100	24.9	25.8	28.7	58.2	29.5