Curvelet Transform Based Compression Algorithm for Low Resource Hyperspectral Image Sensors

Table 8

Coding complexity analysis (encoding and decoding time) of the different set partitioned HS image compression algorithms for different bit rates.

Bit rate (bpppb)	Computation time	3D-SPECK [16]	3D-SPIHT [17]	3D-WBTC [18]	3D-LSK [19]	3D-NLS [20]	3D-LMBTC [21]	3D-LCBTC [22]	3D-ZM-SPECK [23]	3D-LEZSPC [proposed algorithm]
Hyperspectral image I
0.001	Encoding time	3.99	4.06	5.94	2.67	14.18	5.91	3.17	3.24	20.09
	Decoding time	1.78	2.92	1.59	2.08	12.79	2.48	2.21	3.02	3.57
	Total time	5.77	6.98	7.53	4.75	26.97	8.39	5.38	6.26	23.66
0.005	Encoding time	9.85	9.73	8.2	2.78	61.33	8.35	3.35	4.83	82.29
	Decoding time	5.18	5.25	2.41	2.43	48.29	3.86	2.68	4.65	14.87
	Total time	15.13	14.98	10.61	5.21	109.62	12.21	6.03	9.48	97.16
0.01	Encoding time	20.45	29.93	10.99	3.25	73.64	9.26	4.41	5.97	93.55
	Decoding time	10.78	14.31	4.51	2.68	57.16	4.04	3.08	5.61	21.59
	Total time	31.23	44.24	15.5	5.93	130.8	13.3	7.49	11.58	115.14
0.05	Encoding time	222.2	303.4	94.36	5	90.57	19.45	5.49	12.18	102.89
	Decoding time	172.7	236.2	84.75	4.02	69.23	12.01	4.34	11.79	51.47
	Total time	394.9	539.6	179.11	9.02	159.8	31.46	9.83	23.97	154.38
0.1	Encoding time	1163	1297	762.6	7.31	102.5	34.74	7.94	19.55	117.8
	Decoding time	1081	1078	762.11	6.24	77.57	21.79	6.71	18.36	59.6
	Total time	2244	2375	1524.71	13.55	180.07	56.53	14.65	37.91	177.4
0.25	Encoding time	6234	6871	4358	13.35	120.8	68.15	14.02	40.25	131.8
	Decoding time	6012	6305	4703	11.68	90.45	50.91	12.02	37.86	67.2
	Total time	12246	13176	9061	25.03	211.25	119.06	26.04	78.11	199
0.5	Encoding time	17995	18742	19551	24.12	151.3	122.5	26.03	74.87	160.8
	Decoding time	17597	18534	15400	22.65	100.5	96.84	25.07	69.02	89.7
	Total time	35592	37276	34951	46.77	251.8	219.34	51.10	143.89	250.5
Hyperspectral image II
0.001	Encoding time	3.42	4.33	5.94	2.35	15.97	5.73	2.47	2.94	17.89
	Decoding time	1.87	1.52	1.46	1.4	12.18	2.18	1.61	2.79	9.78
	Total time	5.29	5.85	7.4	3.75	28.15	7.91	4.08	5.73	27.67
0.005	Encoding time	9.84	5.85	8.5	2.71	75.93	7.36	3.87	6.44	84.67
	Decoding time	5.4	2.45	2.77	2.49	66.24	3.21	3.01	6.05	54.94
	Total time	15.24	8.3	11.27	5.2	142.17	10.57	6.88	12.49	139.61
0.01	Encoding time	22.53	9.41	10.83	2.88	90.43	16.99	4.29	10.28	99.47
	Decoding time	10.01	4.92	3.86	2.71	81.48	6.23	3.27	10.04	66.38
	Total time	32.54	14.33	14.69	5.59	171.9	23.22	7.56	20.32	165.85
0.05	Encoding time	250.3	134.4	131.5	4.14	106.55	27.4	5.02	16.02	121.8
	Decoding time	207.2	127.8	130.1	3.38	94.49	14.94	3.94	11.35	79.7
	Total time	457.5	262.2	261.6	7.52	201.04	42.34	8.96	27.37	201.5
0.1	Encoding time	966.7	570.8	632.6	6.04	125.87	36.27	7.21	18.42	143.8
	Decoding time	887.6	717.5	614.3	5.98	106.8	23.01	6.64	17.81	80.3
	Total time	1854.3	1288.3	1246.9	12.02	232.67	59.28	13.85	36.23	224.1
0.25	Encoding time	4973	3032	4100	10.24	134.4	96.34	12.21	56.67	155.9
	Decoding time	4796	3029	4040	6.74	113.86	58.62	7.18	47.06	87.5
	Total time	9769	6161	8240	16.98	248.26	154.96	19.39	103.73	243.4
0.5	Encoding time	12007	10112	12975	17.25	154.41	177.73	18.95	67.74	180.9
	Decoding time	11898	9954	12299	14.7	125.56	120.33	15.34	60.13	99.5
	Total time	23905	20066	25274	31.95	279.97	298.06	34.29	127.87	280.4
Hyperspectral image III
0.001	Encoding time	4.08	4.03	5.85	2.07	15.97	5.68	2.76	3.19	17.79
	Decoding time	1.74	1.39	1.32	1.89	8.43	4.1	2.11	3.02	6.54
	Total time	5.82	5.42	7.17	3.96	24.4	9.78	4.87	6.21	24.33
0.005	Encoding time	9.12	5.96	7.87	2.89	75.93	7.78	3.28	4.74	88.54
	Decoding time	5.13	2.24	2.44	2.47	66.02	6.02	2.74	3.99	49.87
	Total time	14.25	8.2	10.31	5.36	141.95	13.8	6.02	8.73	138.41
0.01	Encoding time	20.18	9.7	11.64	3.34	90.43	8.55	4.01	7.52	101.5
	Decoding time	12.51	5.18	5.14	2.69	84.96	7.06	3.02	6.33	79.5
	Total time	32.69	14.88	16.78	6.03	175.39	15.61	7.03	13.85	181
0.05	Encoding time	204.3	125.2	89.77	4.57	106.55	19.48	5.31	22.88	119.5
	Decoding time	160.3	114.7	80.01	4.46	92.68	14.84	5.19	18.56	87.4
	Total time	364.6	239.9	169.78	9.03	199.23	34.32	10.5	41.44	206.9
0.1	Encoding time	1183	775.8	835.9	5.91	125.87	32.46	6.47	30.14	138.8
	Decoding time	1074	760.5	827.8	5.59	104.98	21.49	6.37	27.82	100.5
	Total time	2257	1536.3	1663.7	11.5	230.85	53.95	12.84	57.96	239.3
0.25	Encoding time	8499	5151	6309	10.41	134.14	70.4	11.91	43.49	149.5
	Decoding time	8387	5832	6233	9.27	115.94	48.95	10.34	39.95	108.2
	Total time	16886	10983	12858	19.68	250.08	119.35	22.25	83.44	257.7
0.5	Encoding time	29849	18383	23861	16.19	154.41	125.42	17.09	72.62	165.8
	Decoding time	26948	15672	23161	14.97	141.97	114.52	16.68	67.23	130.1
	Total time	56797	34055	47022	31.16	296.38	239.94	33.77	139.85	295.9
Hyperspectral image IV
0.001	Encoding time	4.56	5.6	7.23	2.39	6.03	5.74	2.89	2.82	7.85
	Decoding time	2.41	1.64	1.73	2.02	5.27	2.1	2.24	2.74	4.34
	Total time	6.97	7.24	8.96	4.41	11.3	7.84	5.13	5.56	12.19
0.005	Encoding time	15.24	6.23	8.15	2.81	11.53	7.53	3.34	4.44	12.94
	Decoding time	9.57	2.33	2.55	2.34	8.26	2.88	2.47	4.28	7.19
	Total time	24.81	8.56	10.7	5.15	19.79	10.41	5.81	8.72	20.13
0.01	Encoding time	21.67	10.2	12.64	3.18	18.44	8.93	3.98	5.64	21.18
	Decoding time	12.68	5.23	6.11	2.89	14.44	3.91	3.23	5.41	12.78
	Total time	34.35	15.43	18.75	6.07	32.88	12.84	7.21	11.05	33.96
0.05	Encoding time	269.6	130.4	98.12	4.3	22.64	18.61	4.88	13.02	24.91
	Decoding time	226.5	120.5	89.08	3.74	19.5	11.48	4.29	11.36	17.47
	Total time	496.1	250.9	187.2	8.04	42.14	30.09	9.17	24.38	42.38
0.1	Encoding time	1336	893.4	882.3	6.11	25.53	32.45	6.41	18.18	30.58
	Decoding time	1241	829.1	866.3	5.96	21.07	21.02	6.57	17.22	20.17
	Total time	2577	1722.5	1748.6	12.07	46.6	53.47	12.98	35.4	50.75
0.25	Encoding time	8435	5133	5501	10.35	34.5	69.66	11.38	36.3	38.54
	Decoding time	9067	4536	5494	6.62	29.65	48.91	7.08	33.79	24.25
	Total time	17502	9669	10995	16.97	64.15	118.57	18.46	70.09	62.79
0.5	Encoding time	27917	17945	18818	17.43	65.13	125.19	19.01	66.91	70.04
	Decoding time	25042	17677	18136	12.03	55.03	92.97	12.87	62.31	48.95
	Total time	52959	35622	36954	29.46	120.16	218.16	31.88	129.22	118.99
Hyperspectral image V
0.001	Encoding time	1.47	1.4	2.04	0.95	3.17	2.17	1.87	1.40	5.07
	Decoding time	0.78	0.53	0.49	0.89	1.55	0.76	0.71	1.29	3.57
	Total time	2.25	1.93	2.53	1.84	4.72	2.93	2.58	2.69	8.64
0.005	Encoding time	4.89	2.9	3.70	0.99	4.03	4.84	3.94	1.71	5.54
	Decoding time	3.36	1.15	1.13	0.96	1.89	1.67	1.57	1.58	3.94
	Total time	8.25	4.05	4.83	1.95	5.92	6.51	5.51	3.29	9.48
0.01	Encoding time	11.30	4.5	6.56	1.52	4.80	5.33	4.34	2.20	6.27
	Decoding time	5.62	2.21	3.65	1.39	2.13	2.84	2.94	1.97	5.37
	Total time	16.92	6.71	10.21	2.91	6.93	8.17	7.28	4.17	11.64
0.05	Encoding time	113.8	44.0	42.07	1.98	6.11	8.07	6.98	4.14	6.84
	Decoding time	100.9	40.69	39.48	2.09	2.31	4.58	4.03	3.67	5.84
	Total time	214.7	84.69	81.55	4.07	8.42	12.65	11.01	7.81	12.68
0.1	Encoding time	622.6	270.5	254.4	3.05	7.58	12.94	9.11	6.75	8.89
	Decoding time	591.9	268.7	272.4	2.91	3.34	8.72	7.89	6.02	8.02
	Total time	1214.5	539.2	526.8	5.96	10.92	21.66	17	12.77	16.91
0.25	Encoding time	3211	3145	1757	5.69	9.83	24.13	14.24	16.12	11.06
	Decoding time	2879	3004	1637	5.32	5.84	16.36	12.59	14.89	9.28
	Total time	6090	6149	3394	11.01	15.67	40.49	26.83	31.01	20.34
0.5	Encoding time	20522	21256	22415	9.39	11.92	38.28	21.29	29.80	14.28
	Decoding time	17695	18111	18942	8.17	9.18	31.38	19.54	26.85	12.67
	Total time	38217	39367	41357	17.56	21.1	69.66	40.83	56.65	26.95
Hyperspectral image VI
0.001	Encoding time	1.33	1.38	2.38	0.87	3.95	2.02	1.79	1.32	4.11
	Decoding time	0.62	0.53	0.70	0.83	1.29	0.67	0.61	1.34	1.59
	Total time	1.95	1.91	3.08	1.7	5.24	2.69	2.4	2.66	5.7
0.005	Encoding time	3.55	2.17	3.53	1.22	5.54	3.46	3.17	2.19	6.29
	Decoding time	1.86	0.84	0.97	1.10	2.10	1.23	1.12	2.42	2.68
	Total time	5.41	3.01	4.5	2.32	7.64	4.69	4.29	4.61	8.97
0.01	Encoding time	7.09	2.97	4.84	1.43	5.64	4.13	3.69	2.77	6.78
	Decoding time	4.24	1.47	1.82	1.26	2.74	1.66	1.48	2.54	2.59
	Total time	11.33	4.44	6.66	2.69	8.38	5.79	5.17	5.31	9.37
0.05	Encoding time	63.50	34.88	30.20	2.60	6.59	8.17	6.08	4.68	8.05
	Decoding time	49.05	32.07	25.15	2.43	3.39	4.86	4.41	4.43	3.01
	Total time	112.55	66.95	55.35	5.03	9.98	13.03	10.49	9.11	11.06
0.1	Encoding time	437.6	295.7	222.1	3.30	8.24	13.61	7.79	7.18	9.28
	Decoding time	357.2	247.2	216.6	3.10	5.08	8.71	7.98	6.68	4.21
	Total time	794.8	542.9	438.7	6.4	13.32	22.32	15.77	13.86	13.49
0.25	Encoding time	2241	2014	1983	5.22	14.10	25.99	12.91	13.85	16.21
	Decoding time	1946	1905	1751	5.27	12.34	19.54	17.29	12.77	9.58
	Total time	4187	3919	3734	10.49	26.44	45.53	30.2	26.62	25.79
0.5	Encoding time	6956	7019	7145	10.64	20.99	50.41	17.83	25.96	21.78
	Decoding time	6625	6762	6829	9.01	15.07	36.01	29.58	25.11	11.81
	Total time	13581	13781	13974	19.65	36.06	86.42	47.41	51.07	33.59