This paper proposes a novel particle filter algorithm for vehicle tracking, which feeds observation information back to state model and integrates block symmetry into observation model. In view of the proposal distribution in traditional particle filter without considering the observation data, a new state transition model which takes the observation into account is presented, so that the allocation of particles is more familiar with the posterior distribution. To track the vehicles in background with similar colors or under partial occlusion, block symmetry is proposed and introduced into the observation model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the accuracy and robustness of vehicle tracking compared with traditional particle filter and Kernel Particle Filter.

Yanshuang Hao

Yixin Yin

Jinhui Lan

Vehicle Tracking Algorithm Based on Observation Feedback and Block Symmetry Particle Filter

In high-speed applications, MOS current mode logic (MCML) is a good alternative. Scaling down supply voltage of the MCML circuits can achieve low power-delay product (PDP). However, the current almost all MCML circuits are realized with dual-rail scheme, where the NMOS configuration in series limits the minimum supply voltage. In this paper, single-rail MCML (SRMCML) circuits are described, which can avoid the devices configuration in series, since their logic evaluation block can be realized by only using MOS devices in parallel. The relationship between the minimum supply voltage of the SRMCML circuits and the model parameters of MOS transistors is derived, so that the minimum supply voltage can be estimated before circuit designs. An MCML dynamic flop-flop based on SRMCML is also proposed. The optimization algorithm for near-threshold sequential circuits is presented. A near-threshold SRMCML mode-10 counter based on the optimization algorithm is verified. Scaling down the supply voltage of the SRMCML circuits is also investigated. The power dissipation, delay, and power-delay products of these circuits are carried out. The results show that the near-threshold SRMCML circuits can obtain low delay and small power-delay product.

Ruiping Cao

Jianping Hu

Near-Threshold Computing and Minimum Supply Voltage of Single-Rail MCML Circuits

This paper puts forward an information acquisition and control system for the exoskeleton robot, which can collect movement and location information of the robot timely through a variety of sensors. The information is preprocessed by the microcontroller firstly and then transmitted to the host computer for data analysis and processing by ZigBee wireless transmission module to analyze the movement intention of human by virtue of the monitoring software on the host computer. To achieve assistance, the motor drive will be controlled by the robot through CAN bus, and the robot can effectively analyze human&#x2019;s intention and monitor the operation status of the assisted robot in practical applications, finally enhancing the body's walking ability.

Huan Gou

Jialiu Wang

Hongfang Wu

Chao Wang

Lei Yan

Jiang Xiao

Design of Information Acquisition and Control System for the Exoskeleton Robot

This work addresses the application of the analog configurability test (ACT) approach for an embedded analog configurable circuit (EACC), composed of operational amplifiers and interconnection resources that are embedded in the MSP430xG461x microcontrollers family. This test strategy is particularly useful for in-field application requiring reliability, safe operation, or fault tolerance characteristics. Our test proposal consists of programming a reduced set of available configurations for the EACC and testing its functionality by measuring only a few key parameters. The processor executes an embedded test routine that sequentially programs selected configurations, sets the test stimulus, acquires data from the internal ADC, and performs required calculations. The test approach is experimentally evaluated using an embedded system-based real application board. Our experimental results show very good repeatability, with very low errors. These results show that the ACT proposed here is useful for testing the functionality of the circuit under test in a real application context by using a simple strategy at a very low cost.

Agust&#xed;n Laprovitta

Gabriela Peretti

Eduardo Romero

Applying the Analog Configurability Test Approach in a Wireless Sensor Network Application

The nature of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) makes them very vulnerable to adversary's malicious attacks. Therefore, network security is an important issue to WSNs. Due to the constraints of WSN, intrusion detection in WSNs is a challengeable task. In this paper, we present a novel intrusion detection mechanism for WSNs, which is composed of a secure data communication algorithm and an intrusion detection algorithm. The major contribution of this paper is that we propose an original secure mechanism to defend WSNs against malicious attacks by using the information generated during data communication. The approach is able to protect the data communication in a WSN even if some sensor nodes are compromised by adversary. The proposed approach is easy to be implemented and performed in resource-constrained WSN. We also evaluate the proposed approach by a simulation experiment and analyze the simulation results in detail.

Bishan Ying

CUSUM-Based Intrusion Detection Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks

Over the past decade, a wide attention has been paid to the crowd control and management in
intelligent video surveillance area. Among the tasks of automatic video-based crowd management, crowd
motion modeling is recognized as one of the most critical components, since it lays a crucial foundation
for numerous subsequent analyses. However, it still encounters many unsolved challenges due to
occlusions among pedestrians, complicated motion patterns in crowded scenarios, and so forth. Addressing these
issues, we propose a novel spatiotemporal Weber field, which integrates both appearance characteristics
and stimulus of crowd motion patterns, to recognize the large-scale crowd event. On the one hand,
crowd motion is recognized as variations of spatiotemporal signal, and we then measure the variation
based on Weber law. The result is referred to as spatiotemporal Weber variation feature. On the other
hand, motivated by the achievements in crowd dynamics that crowd motion has a close relationship
with interaction force, we propose a spatiotemporal Weber force feature to exploit the stimulus of
crowd behaviors. Finally, we utilize the latent Dirichlet allocation model to establish the relationship
between crowd events and crowd motion patterns. Experiments on PETS2009 and UMN databases
demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the previous methods for the large-scale crowd
behavior perception.

Zhou Su

Hua Wei

Sha Wei

Crowd Event Perception Based on Spatiotemporal Weber Field

Third generation communication systems require receivers with wide bandwidth of operation to support high transmission rates and are also reconfigurable to support various communication standards with different frequency bands. An ideal software defined radio (SDR) will be the absolute answer to this requirement but it is not achievable with the current level of technology. This paper proposes the use of a six-port receiver (SPR) front-end (FE) in a WCDMA communication system. A WCDMA end-to-end physical layer MATLAB demo which includes a multipath channel distortion block is used to determine the viability of the six-port based receiver. The WCDMA signal after passing through a multipath channel is received using a constructed SPR FE. The baseband signal is then calibrated and corrected in MATLAB. The six-port receiver performance is measured in terms of bit error rate (BER). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmitted <svg     style="vertical-align:-2.2932pt;width:20.612499px;" id="M1" height="14.3125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 20.612499 14.3125" width="20.612499"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> data is varied and the BER profile of the communication system is plotted. The effect of the multipath fading on the receiver performance and the accuracy of the calibration algorithm are obtained by comparing two different measured BER curves for different calibration techniques to the simulated BER curve of an ideal receiver.

A. O. Olopade

M. Helaoui

Performance Analysis of a Six-Port Receiver in a WCDMA Communication System including a Multipath Fading Channel

Sandra Costanzo

Alvaro Rocha

Marcelo Sampaio de Alencar

Advances in Radar Technologies

A six-port-based frequency discriminator for phase noise measurement is proposed. This circuit makes use of a delay line discriminator configuration, thus not requiring reference oscillator. Furthermore, the use of a six-port network allows an extremely simple and completely passive solution well suited for low power oscillator measurement. A detailed study of the architecture is performed including the system noise sources. Besides, a prototype of the proposed six-port based delay line frequency discriminator is evaluated. Phase noise measurements of a commercial RF VCO are performed and compared with the results obtained with commercial metrology equipment with good agreement.

J. M. &#xc1;vila-Ruiz

A. Moscoso-M&#xe1;rtir

E. Dur&#xe1;n-Valdeiglesias

L. Moreno-Pozas

J. de-Oliva-Rubio

I. Molina-Fern&#xe1;ndez

Six-Port-Based Architecture for Phase Noise Measurement in the UWB Band

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<p><em>Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering</em> publishes recent advances from the rapidly moving fields of both electrical engineering and computer engineering in the areas of circuits and systems, communications, power systems and signal processing.</p>


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Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering | Hindawi

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Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering publishes recent advances from the rapidly moving fields of both electrical engineering and computer engineering in the areas of circuits and systems, communications, power systems and signal processing.

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Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering