Human Excretion of Bisphenol A: Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) Study

Table 2

Comparison of urine BPA levels across published studies.

Urine levels of BPA (ng/mL)-comparison across studies
Study	Location	Detection method	DL (ng/mL)	Participants	Detection(%)	AM/GM/Median	Range
This study	Canada	LC-MS	0.2	20 adults	70	AM:13 Median 8	0–42
Bushnik et al. [10]	Canada	GC-MS	0.2	5462 (age 6–79)	90.7	GM 1.16 (1.08–1.24)	N/A
Calafat et al. [9]	USA	LC-MS	0.4	950 adults	N/A	GM 2.4	N/A
Calafat et al. [8]	USA	GC-MS	0.1	394 adults	95	GM 1.33 Median 1.28	0.1–5.18 (95th Centile)
Moors et al. [108]	Germany	GC-MS	3	15 adults	60		ND-55
Mendiola et al. [107]	USA	LC-MS	0.4	375 males	90	GM 1.50	<0.4–6.5 (95th Centile)

DL: detection limit; AM: arithmetic mean; GM: geometric mean; ND: non detect; N/A: not available.
LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.