The 2009 US Federal Cigarette Tax Increase and Quitline Utilization in 16 States

Table 2

Characteristics of tobacco users who enrolled with the 16 quitlines around the time of the April 1, 2009 federal tax increase (March 2009–May 2009) and in the same months the previous year (March 2008–May 2008) (𝑛=79,928).

	March–May 2008; 𝑁=29,674	March–May 2009; 𝑁=50,254	𝑃 value
Age			<0.0001
Mean (SD)	41.2 (13.7)	41.9 (13.6)
Age	%	%	0.0005
18–24	13.6	11.5
25–44	43.3	43.6
45–64	38.4	39.9
65+	4.8	5.0
Gender	%	%	0.2822
Female	59.1	59.8
Race/ethnicity	%	%	0.0005
White/non-Hispanic	77.5	80.1
African American/non-Hispanic	12.1	10.4
American Indian/non-Hispanic	5.2	4.6
Asian/non-Hispanic	0.8	0.7
Hispanic	4.4	4.1
Education	%	%	0.007
≤High school	58.6	61.0
Insurance status^1	%	%	0.323
Uninsured	41.7	43.0
Insured	40.5	38.3
Medicaid	17.8	18.7
Live/work with smoker	%	%	<0.0001
smokers at home	34.0	37.2
smokers at work	15.4	13.1
smokers at both	16.3	15.3
neither	34.4	34.4
Years of tobacco use^1	%	%	<0.0001
0–5	3.6	5.4
6–19	25.0	30.9
Use Tobacco 20+ yrs	71.4	63.7
Use after waking	%	%	0.3981
First use w/in 5 min	52.0	52.7
Mean (s.d.) cigarettes/day			0.006
Mean (s.d.)	20.0 (12.6); 𝑁=29674	20.7 (12.4); 𝑁=50254
% Mailed NRT^1	%	%	0.176
Yes	76.3	80.9
Tobacco use^2	%	%
Cigar	2.4	3.0	<0.0001
Pipe	0.3	0.5	<0.0001
Smokeless	3.9	3.6	0.017
Chronic conditions:	%	%
Asthma	17.9	17.0	0.140
Diabetes	9.3	9.3	0.832
COPD	13.4	11.9	0.015
CAD	7.2	6.7	0.025
NONE	66.0	67.4	0.133
How heard of QL	%	%	0.0013
HCP^3	11.4	13.1
Family/friend	20.3	31.2
Media	34.8	27.0
Other	33.6	28.8
Service Received	%	%
% in multicall program^4	74.7	65.7	<0.0001

¹Some variables had missing data either because the question was not routinely asked or participants did not answer the question. Items with >10% missing data include education, insurance status, duration smoked, household smoker, and percent mailed NRT.
²97.3 and 97.9% (before, after) smoked cigarettes.
³HCP: health care provider.
⁴𝑁=55,180 enrolled in the multicall program.