Environmental Changes to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Dietary Behavior

Table 1

Physical, social-cultural, economic, and political environmental changes to promote healthy dietary behavior and physical activity (PA).

	Physical	Social-cultural	Economic	Political
Food	Nutrition labeling; Point-of-purchase prompts; Placing of healthy foods in more prominent places; Increasing availability and accessibility of healthy foods; Decreasing the availability and accessibility of unhealthy foods; Restricting the use of logos; Restricting the scheduling of commercials promoting unhealthy food to children	Providing social norm feedback; Increasing visibility of healthy role models; Facilitating healthy food group activities	Decreasing the price of healthy food; Increasing the price of unhealthy food	Implementing policies towards the provision of physical, social, and economic environmental changes; Rewarding healthy food choices; Punishing unhealthy food choices; Changes in the laws governing advertising
Physical activity	Point-of choice prompts; Tailoring prompts to target certain populations; Increasing attractiveness of the PA environment; Decreasing the availability and accessibility of inactive choices; Placing of active alternatives (e.g., stairs) at more prominent places; Increasing visibility of active alternatives; Increasing availability and accessibility of active alternatives	Providing social norm feedback; Increasing visibility of healthy models; Facilitating group PA activities	Decreasing price of structured PA activities; Increasing the cost of car parking; Congestion charging in major cities; Fair subsidies for public transport	Implementing policies towards the provision of physical, social, and economic environmental changes; Provision of pedestrianized areas; Rewarding physically active alternatives; Punishing choices for physically inactive alternatives; Transport planning