Association between Physical Activity and Neighborhood Environment among Middle-Aged Adults in Shanghai

Table 3

Association between physical activity and neighborhood environment measures.

Correlates of PA	Self-reported PA (IPAQ)				Accelerometer-measured PA
	Transportation PA		Leisure time PA		MVPA
	(low active group and active group)		(low active group and active group)		(≥36 minutes/day group and <36 minutes/day group)
	Model A^a OR (95% CI)	Model B^b OR (95% CI)	Model A; OR (95% CI)	Model B; OR (95% CI)	Model A; OR (95% CI)	Model B; OR (95% CI)
Area
Suburb		Reference		Reference		Reference
Downtown		2.127 (1.212,   3.734) **		2.110 (1.100,  4.048) *		1.224 (0.516, 2.900)
Sex
Male		Reference		Reference		Reference
Female		0.960 (0.654, 1.411)		1.054 (0.676, 1.643)		2.111 (1.182,   3.771) *
Family income per year
<20,000 RMB		Reference		Reference		Reference
2–40000 RMB		1.129 (0.643, 1.983)		1.453 (0.753, 2.805)		0.679 (0.284, 1.623)
40000 RMB<		0.678 (0.389, 1.182)		1.111 (0.585, 2.110)		0.770 (0.324, 1.830)
Educational background
Primary school		Reference		Reference		Reference
Junior high school		0.661 (0.223, 1.961)		6.350 (0.793, 50.814)		0.864 (0.160, 4.663)
High school		0.780 (0.243, 2.502)		3.884 (0.463, 32.611)		2.296 (0.362, 14.580)
College		0.581 (0.178, 1.897)		3.493 (0.408, 29.876)		5.157 (0.784, 33.907)
University and above		0.665 (0.163, 2.712)		2.054 (0.192, 22.007)		1.502 (0.175, 12.876)
Residential density	1.001 (1.000, 1.003)	1.001 (0.999, 1.002)	1.003 (1.001,   1.005) **	1.003 (1.000,   1.005) **	0.999 (0.997, 1.002)	0.997 (0.995, 1.000)
Land use mix diversity	1.117 (0.848, 1.470)	0.967 (0.708, 1.321)	0.986 (0.718, 1.354)	0.932 (0.654, 1.330)	1.124 (0.727, 1.737)	0.935 (0.556, 1.573)
Land use mix access	0.965 (0.629, 1.480)	1.042 (0.670, 1.621)	0.981 (0.596, 1.615)	1.000 (0.601, 1.663)	1.117 (0.586, 2.129)	1.356 (0.671, 2.740)
Street connectivity	0.791 (0.522, 1.198)	0.797 (0.516, 1.232)	0.599 (0.366,   0.980) *	0.598 (0.359,   0.995) *	1.207 (0.712, 2.046)	1.147 (0.652, 2.017)
Walking/cycling facilities	1.131 (0.825, 1.551)	1.008 (0.724, 1.402)	0.990 (0.688, 1.425)	0.951 (0.650, 1.391)	1.117 (0.720, 1.733)	0.892 (0.552, 1.441)
Aesthetics	1.156 (0.867, 1.540)	1.103 (0.819, 1.486)	0.986 (0.707, 1.375)	0.945 (0.669, 1.334)	1.145 (0.758, 1.730)	1.040 (0.668, 1.618)
Traffic safety	0.648 (0.416, 1.009)	0.714 (0.444, 1.146)	0.962 (0.576, 1.608)	0.980 (0.569, 1.687)	0.428 (0.226,  0.811) **	0.514 (0.257, 1.030)
Crime safety	0.987 (0.785, 1.240)	1.012 (0.799, 1.283)	1.044 (0.800, 1.362)	1.061 (0.806, 1.398)	1.397 (0.970, 2.013)	1.350 (0.912, 1.998)

^aModel A only includes neighborhood environment. ^bModel B also includes area, sex, family level, and educational background besides all the factors in Model A. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.