Investigation of Drinking Water Quality in Kosovo

Table 2

Summary of concentrations for the water sources in Kosovo and EU and WHO guidelines.

Type of water	Li; μg/L	B; μg/L	Na; mg/L	Mg; mg/L	Al; μg/L	K; mg/L	Ca; mg/L	V; μg/L	Cr; μg/L	Mn; μg/L	Fe; μg/L	Co; μg/L	Ni; μg/L	Cu; μg/L	Zn; μg/L	As; μg/L	Rb; μg/L	Sr; mg/L	Mo; μg/L	Cd; μg/L	Sb; μg/L	Ba; μg/L	Pb; μg/L
Artesian (𝑛=201)
Mean	7.78	55.8	14.2	19.2	48.1	2.12	65.3	1.40	1.19	31.2	83.5	0.12	4.09	4.08	29.7	1.11	2.55	0.33	0.24	0.038	0.063	48.3	0.95
Minimum	0.019	0.51	0.31	0.36	0.10	0.08	1.08	0.016	0.011	0.014	0.431	0.010	0.045	0.23	0.43	0.023	0.045	0.007	0.011	0.010	0.010	0.41	0.012
25th percentile	0.97	7.06	2.75	5.98	2.52	0.61	36.4	0.17	0.16	0.34	4.24	0.026	0.33	1.03	2.85	0.13	0.28	0.13	0.057	0.012	0.021	10.1	0.076
Median	2.83	12.3	5.63	11.8	7.42	0.96	65.9	0.34	0.33	1.06	11.3	0.044	0.88	1.73	8.37	0.26	0.49	0.24	0.11	0.018	0.034	24.7	0.20
75th percentile	5.40	20.0	12.3	26.5	29.2	1.77	90.0	1.09	0.76	4.45	42.2	0.082	2.27	3.57	27.8	0.62	1.22	0.42	0.23	0.031	0.055	59.2	0.50
Maximum	327.1	5970	509.2	313.0	1052	25.5	171.5	38.5	32.7	2603	3442	3.84	214.5	216.9	413.6	34.0	60.6	2.40	7.34	0.40	0.94	590.5	94.4
Percentage ≤ LOQ	0	5	0	0	6.5	0	0	1	2	7	0	5	9	0	9.5	16.4	0.5	0	10	73.6	10	0	11.4
Private well (𝑛=647)
Mean	13.5	100.5	38.4	35.9	47.7	10.5	94.7	1.94	3.47	62.2	128.5	0.22	5.44	5.47	66.8	2.25	3.81	0.60	0.41	0.22	0.14	76.5	0.76
Minimum	0.11	0.33	1.06	2.01	0.069	0.056	10.1	0.042	0.012	0.013	0.58	0.012	0.020	0.24	0.17	0.020	0.029	0.054	0.011	0.010	0.011	2.30	0.010
25th percentile	3.30	22.8	13.8	18.3	2.84	1.53	63.6	0.32	0.29	0.65	7.93	0.06	1.02	1.61	11.9	0.27	0.42	0.30	0.084	0.014	0.039	38.7	0.078
Median	7.97	50.5	28.0	31.2	7.95	3.27	88.6	0.64	0.70	1.75	17.2	0.092	2.02	2.67	25.9	0.63	0.91	0.49	0.17	0.022	0.066	61.0	0.16
75th percentile	16.3	119.8	52.9	47.4	20.8	8.79	115.6	1.57	2.11	6.21	43.6	0.16	4.47	4.89	54.9	2.06	2.71	0.73	0.35	0.038	0.13	100.6	0.39
Maximum	207.0	1844	259.1	193.8	5383	188.1	410.2	45.5	760.1	15580	19940	27.3	901.6	135.3	5610	61.4	88.5	4.20	9.35	34.0	4.57	352.3	96.3
Percentage ≤ LOQ	0	0.5	0	0	3.1	0	0	0	0.6	1.7	0	0.5	8.2	0	5.4	19.8	0	0	1.4	64.6	0.9	0	3.1
Public water (𝑛=33)
Mean	5.63	45.1	11.7	17.1	93.7	1.56	61.0	0.41	0.89	13.5	51.0	0.09	1.68	4.17	68.7	0.79	0.57	0.24	0.14	0.030	0.12	31.2	0.32
Minimum	0.11	0.42	0.78	1.50	0.058	0.30	6.88	0.022	0.024	0.052	0.42	0.010	0.13	0.51	0.66	0.055	0.10	0.041	0.015	0.011	0.010	2.60	0.016
25th percentile	0.96	5.74	1.72	4.26	7.63	0.79	37.0	0.19	0.20	0.66	6.14	0.027	0.45	1.45	5.55	0.19	0.28	0.14	0.052	0.013	0.023	11.5	0.066
Median	1.49	16.8	3.71	8.64	30.3	0.97	51.9	0.28	0.47	2.96	12.7	0.043	0.88	2.39	11.0	0.45	0.46	0.19	0.10	0.017	0.046	19.7	0.21
75th percentile	3.17	45.6	8.21	16.9	103.0	1.88	81.6	0.54	1.15	6.84	39.2	0.091	3.03	4.81	27.9	0.75	0.93	0.36	0.18	0.041	0.075	45.8	0.30
Maximum	48.0	416.1	68.8	107.7	621.4	5.12	134.3	1.43	6.33	226.7	488.0	0.79	6.10	34.8	973.2	7.20	1.62	0.76	0.62	0.094	1.79	96.5	2.13
Percentage ≤ LOQ	0	6.1	0	0	6.1	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	15.2	0.0	15.2	15.2	0	0	3	78.8	3	0	3
Pumped (𝑛=70)
Mean	15.7	147.3	37.8	33.5	52.1	8.41	87.6	2.12	2.07	95.2	258.0	0.42	5.60	6.69	63.1	2.41	5.01	0.54	0.72	0.074	0.10	76.0	0.79
Minimum	0.28	4.30	1.75	4.68	0.073	0.27	1.33	0.013	0.043	0.033	0.68	0.016	0.082	0.041	1.14	0.041	0.057	0.012	0.018	0.011	0.012	1.13	0.010
25th percentile	3.84	20.6	13.0	15.3	1.65	1.26	62.1	0.25	0.29	1.02	8.31	0.058	0.94	1.63	10.5	0.26	0.39	0.35	0.077	0.017	0.026	40.9	0.14
Median	8.42	45.2	26.1	30.3	7.21	2.02	87.1	0.48	0.77	6.74	30.3	0.12	1.93	3.81	24.6	0.57	0.92	0.47	0.17	0.022	0.048	67.3	0.28
75th percentile	15.0	103.1	37.3	50.2	19.0	5.68	105.7	1.37	2.90	29.0	140.1	0.24	4.93	6.13	50.1	1.54	1.88	0.68	0.44	0.054	0.10	102.4	0.63
Maximum	215.3	4983	483.5	93.1	1360	197.6	236.0	22.8	26.7	2842	4052	6.21	83.5	53.4	610.8	44.2	88.5	2.46	16.1	1.02	1.84	229.8	16.6
Percentage ≤ LOQ	0	1.4	0	0	2.9	0	0	0	2.9	8.6	0	2.9	1.4	0	2.9	8.6	0	0	0	55.7	5.7	1.4	2.9
EU guidelines (1998)		1000	200		200				50	50	200		20	2000		10			70	5	5		10
WHO guidelines (2003)		500							50	400			70	2000		10				3	20	700	10