Research Article
Smokeless Tobacco and Dual Use among Firefighters in the Central United States
Table 1
Participant characteristics by tobacco use (Mean ± SD, or %)a.
| | | Nontobacco users | Exclusive SLT users | Dual users | | | () | () | () |
| | Demographics | | | | | Age (years)** | 39.4 ± 10.1 | 36.0 ± 8.3 | 31.2 ± 6.9 | | Annual family income | | | | | ≤$75,000 | 29.4% | 39.6% | 54.5% | | | 70.6% | 60.4% | 45.5% | | Education | | | | | ≤College | 68.9% | 80.7% | 63.6% | | | 31.1% | 19.3% | 36.4% | | Ethnicity* | | | | | White | 87.7% | 98.2% | 100.0% | | Minority | 12.3% | 1.8% | — | | Marital status | | | | | Married | 79.8% | 71.9% | 70.0% | | Health factors | | | | | Weight (kg) | 91.5 ± 15.2 | 89.8 ± 15.1 | 85.3 ± 9.9 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 4.4 | 28.3 ± 4.5 | 26.8 ± 1.9 | | Body fat percentages | 25.5 ± 6.6 | 24.8 ± 6.4 | 22.2 ± 3.2 | | Waist circumference (inches) | 38.4 ± 4.9 | 37.7 ± 4.7 | 36.9 ± 2.6 | | Having high blood pressure | 58.9% | 66.1% | 81.8% | | Maximal oxygen consumption | | | | | Poor to very poor | 22.7% | 17.9% | — | | Fair to superior | 77.3% | 82.1% | 100.0% | | Depression scale score | 1.5 ± 1.8 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | 1.6 ± 2.1 | | Perceived stress scale score | 10.1 ± 5.7 | 11.5 ± 5.6 | 10.3 ± 3.3 | | Health-risk behaviors | | | | | Alcohol use in the past 30 days | 81.3% | 89.5% | 90.9% | | Binge drinking in the past 30 days*** | 57.9% | 86.0% | 90.0% | | CAGE scores ≥2 | 10.9% | 19.6% | 20.0% | | Driving while intoxicated in the past 30 days** | 7.9% | 9.8% | 40.0% | | Self-reported physical activity level | | | | | Level 1-2 low to inactive | 37.1% | 42.1% | 36.4% | | Level 3–5 moderate to very high | 62.9% | 57.9% | 63.6% | | Meet minimum NFPA fitness standard | 41.1% | 44.6% | 63.6% | | Fruit/vegetable screener score | | | | | Low (<11) | 42.1% | 31.6% | 45.5% | | Meats/snacks screener score** | | | | | High (≥23) | 52.9% | 69.1% | 90.9% | | SCBA use during a fire | 33.5% | 31.6% | 9.1% |
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aCompared to never users; *; **; ***.
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