Population Dynamics and Air Pollution: The Impact of Demographics on Health Impact Assessment of Air Pollution
Table 1
ICD-10 codes for disease groups, lead and lag times, and relative risks for association between air pollution and incidence and mortality. All relative risks are per μg/m3 increase in yearly average ambient species concentration.
Chemical species disease
ICD-10 codes
Lead time
Lag time
Relative risk
Male
Female
PM2.5, NO3, SO4
Coronary heart disease
I20–25
1
5
1.0105
1.021
Stroke and cerebrovascular disease mortality
I60–69
1
5
1.0175
1.035
Lung cancer
C33-34
10
15
1.014
1.014
COPD
J41–44
10
15
1.014
1.014
Other cause mortality
0
0
1.003
1.003
NO2
Coronary heart disease
I20–25
1
5
1.0∗
1.0∗
Stroke and cerebrovascular disease mortality
I60–69
1
5
1.0∗
1.0∗
Lung cancer
C33-34
10
15
1.008
1.008
COPD
J41–44
10
15
1.005
1.005
Other causes of mortality
0
0
1.0∗
1.0∗
Sources: lead and lag times: Baan et al. [26]. Relative risks: Abbey et al. [16], Pope et al. [15], Chen et al. [25], Miller et al. [17], and Bønløkke [2].
*: no effect included in the model.
