Association of Household Food Insecurity with the Mental and Physical Health of Low-Income Urban Ecuadorian Women with Children
Table 3
Association of household food insecurity with self-reported mental and physical health complaints .
Self-reported health complaints
Food secure () number (%)
Low food security () number (%)
Very low food security () number (%)
Low food security
Very low food security
Unadjusted PR (95% CI)
Adjusted PR (95% CI)
Unadjusted PR (95% CI)
Adjusted PR (95% CI)
Depression
19 (12.5)
64 (19.7)
88 (27.8)
1.72 (0.99, 2.98)
1.78 (1.10, 3.13)
2.69 (1.57, 4.62)
2.64 (1.48, 4.72)
Stress
8 (5.3)
20 (6.2)
36 (11.4)
1.17 (0.53, 2.59)
1.23 (0.56, 2.72)
2.16 (1.04, 4.53)
2.14 (1.01, 4.65)
≥1 ethnospecific illnesses
35 (23.0)
87 (26.8)
134 (42.3)
1.16 (0.83, 1.64)
1.11 (0.78, 1.56)
1.84 (1.33, 2.52)
1.68 (1.20, 2.33)
(i) Corajes
15 (9.9)
42 (12.9)
63 (19.9)
1.03 (0.97, 1.10)
1.03 (0.97, 1.10)
1.11 (1.04, 1.18)#
1.12 (1.04, 1.21)
(ii) Nervios
9 (5.9)
22 (6.8)
39 (12.3)
1.01 (0.96, 1.06)
0.99 (0.95, 1.05)
1.07 (1.01, 1.12)#
1.05 (1.00, 1.11)
(iii) Sustos/espantos
4 (2.6)
19 (5.8)
17 (5.4)
2.22 (0.77, 6.42)
2.27 (0.75, 6.85)
2.04 (0.70, 5.95)
2.00 (0.63, 6.40)
Chest pain/discomfort/tightness
8 (5.3)
19 (5.8)
39 (12.3)
1.11 (0.50, 2.48)
1.29 (0.59, 2.83)
2.34 (1.12, 4.88)
3.04 (1.42, 6.50)
Hypertension
10 (6.6)
26 (8.0)
23 (7.3)
1.22 (0.60, 2.46)
1.22 (0.60, 2.49)
1.10 (0.54, 2.26)
1.01 (0.48, 2.11)
Cardiovascular disease
29 (19.1)
68 (20.9)
103 (32.5)
1.10 (0.74, 1.62)
1.04 (0.70, 1.54)
1.70 (1.18, 2.45)
1.38 (0.93, 2.05)
Diabetes
8 (5.3)
17 (5.2)
12 (3.8)
0.99 (0.44, 2.25)
0.38 (0.06, 2.64)
0.72 (0.30, 1.72)
0.66 (0.09, 4.65)
Chronic respiratory conditions
31 (20.4)
62 (19.1)
89 (28.1)
0.94 (0.64, 1.38)
0.92 (0.62, 1.35)
1.38 (0.96, 1.97)
1.37 (0.94, 2.00)
Gastrointestinal illnesses
41 (27.0)
105 (32.3)
146 (46.1)
1.20 (0.88, 1.63)
1.22 (0.90, 1.66)
1.71 (1.28, 2.28)
1.77 (1.31, 2.38)
Allergies
32 (21.1)
60 (18.5)
81 (25.6)
0.88 (0.60, 1.29)
1.36 (0.82, 2.23)
1.21 (0.85, 1.74)
1.50 (0.83, 2.68)
Migraine, chronic headaches
7 (4.6)
18 (5.5)
19 (6.0)
1.20 (0.51, 2.82)
1.00 (0.38, 2.64)
1.30 (0.56, 3.03)
1.74 (0.71, 4.27)
Vision
377 (47.5)
62 (41.3)
150 (46.4)
1.14 (0.85, 1.51)
1.18 (0.94, 1.48)
1.27 (0.92, 1.75)
1.29 (0.99, 1.66)
Dental problems
82 (54.3)
204 (62.8)
234 (73.8)
1.16 (0.98, 1.38)
1.14 (0.96, 1.35)
1.37 (1.17, 1.61)
1.30 (1.10, 1.54)#
≥3 complaints
67 (44.1)
164 (50.5)
206 (65.0)
1.39 (0.72, 2.68)
1.11 (0.89, 1.40)
2.90 (1.42, 5.95)
1.48 (1.19, 1.85)
Self-reported complaints with a prevalence of 2% or more in sample. PR: prevalence ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. Analyses adjusted for participant age, education, per capita monthly income, long-term neighborhood residence (≥50% of lifetime), BMI, residence neighborhood, and data collection year. ; ; ; ; .
