Investigation of Some Metals in Leaves and Leaf Extracts of Lippia javanica: Its Daily Intake

Table 4

(a) Recommended dietary allowances (RDA, mg/day/person) and estimated dietary intake (EDI, mg/day/person; 250 ml beverage) of trace elements for the consumption of leaf brew extracts of L. javanica (2 g, 5 minutes) collected from seven sampling sites of Marondera, Zimbabwe

Metal

RDA for a life stage group (years)

Mean metal concentration at sampling site (  ± SD) mg/250 ml

Children

Males

Females

Pregnancy

Lactation

SS1

SS2

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS6

SS7

Overall

1–3

4–8

19–50

>51

19–50

>51

19–50

19–50

Cr

0.011

0.015

0.035

0.030

0.025

0.020

0.030

0.045

ND; —

0.006 ± 0.00007

0.0003 ± 0.00003

0.0009 ± 0.0001

ND; —

ND; —

ND; —

0.0003 ± 0.0003

Cu

0.34 (1.00)

0.44 (1.00)

0.90 (10.00)

0.90 (10.00)

0.90 (10.00)

0.90 (10.00)

1.00 (10.00)

1.30 (10.00)

0.003 ± 0.0007

0.003 ± 0.0004

0.005 ± 0.001

0.004 ± 0.0003

0.003 ± 0.0004

0.0002 ± 0.00007

0.0003 ± 0.00008

0.002 ± 0.002

Fe

7.00 (40.00)

10.00 (40.00)

8.00 (45.00)

8.00 (45.00)

18.00 (45.00)

8.00 (45.00)

27.00 (45.00)

9.00 (45.00)

0.029 ± 0.002

0.032 ± 0.004

0.067 ± 0.005

0.039 ± 0.004

0.074 ± 0.008

0.007 ± 0.0009

0.006 ± 0.0007

0.0364 ± 0.026

Mn

1.20 (2.00)

1.50 (3.00)

2.30 (11.00)

2.30 (11.00)

1.80 (11.00)

1.80 (11.00)

2.00 (11.00)

2.60 (11.00)

0.041 ± 0.006

0.079 ± 0.005

0.310 ± 0.022

0.084 ± 0.010

0.264 ± 0.020

0.022 ± 0.003

0.018 ± 0.003

0.117 ± 0.114

Adapted and modified from Ross et al. [26].
Adequate intake.
Values in brackets: tolerable upper limit.

(b) Recommended dietary allowances (RDA, mg/day/person) and estimated dietary intake (EDI, mg/day/person; 250 ml beverage) of trace elements for the consumption of leaf infusion extracts of L. javanica (2 g, 5 minutes) collected from seven sampling sites of Marondera, Zimbabwe.

Metal

Life stage group (years)

Mean metal concentration at sampling site (  ± SD) mg/250 ml

Children

Males

Females

Pregnancy

Lactation

SS1

SS2

SS3

SS4

SS5

SS6

SS7

Overall

1–3

4–8

19–50

>51

19–50

>51

19–50

19–50

Cr

0.011

0.015

0.035

0.030

0.025

0.020

0.030

0.045

ND; —

0.001 ± 0.00007

0.0005 ± 0.00004

0.001 ± 0.0002

ND; —

ND; —

ND; —

0.0005 ± 0.0005

Cu

0.34 (1.00)

0.44 (1.00)

0.90 (10.00)

0.90 (10.00)

0.90 (10.00)

0.90 (10.00)

1.00 (10.00)

1.30 (10.00)

0.004 ± 0.0005

0.004 ± 0.0005

0.007 ± 0.003

0.008 ± 0.0009

0.004 ± 0.0004

0.001 ± 0.00006

0.002 ± 0.0002

0.004 ± 0.003

Fe

7.00 (40.00)

10.00 (40.00)

8.00 (45.00)

8.00 (45.00)

18.00 (45.00)

8.00 (45.00)

27.00 (45.00)

9.00 (45.00)

0.036 ± 0.005

0.045 ± 0.010

0.090 ± 0.013

0.047 ± 0.008

0.097 ± 0.001

0.009 ± 0.001

0.007 ± 0.002

0.047 ± 0.034

Mn

1.20 (2.00)

1.50 (3.00)

2.30 (11.00)

2.30 (11.00)

1.80 (11.00)

1.80 (11.00)

2.00 (11.00)

2.60 (11.00)

0.075 ± 0.019

0.120 ± 0.024

0.373 ± 0.051

0.153 ± 0.048

0.363 ± 0.047

0.043 ± 0.007

0.036 ± 0.010

0.166 ± 0.140

Adapted and modified from Ross et al. [26].
Adequate intake.
Values in brackets: tolerable upper limit.