Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Mortality, Incidence, and Survival in the United States, 1950–2014: Over Six Decades of Changing Patterns and Widening Inequalities
Table 4
Multivariate Cox regression models showing adjusted1 relative risks (hazard ratios) of mortality among cancer patients diagnosed during 1988–1999, 11 SEER registries (maximum mortality follow-up of 11 years).
All cancer sites and both sexes combined2
Colorectal cancer both sexes combined3
Prostate cancer4
Female breast cancer5
Hazard ratio
95% confidence interval
Hazard ratio
95% confidence interval
Hazard ratio
95% confidence interval
Hazard ratio
95% confidence interval
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
Non-Hispanic Black
1.20
1.19
1.21
1.18
1.14
1.23
1.43
1.37
1.50
1.60
1.53
1.67
Hispanic/Latino
1.05
1.03
1.06
1.09
1.04
1.13
1.16
1.09
1.24
1.16
1.10
1.23
American Indian
1.46
1.40
1.54
1.40
1.18
1.67
1.85
1.48
2.31
1.52
1.22
1.90
Chinese
1.22
1.20
1.25
0.92
0.86
0.99
0.86
0.74
1.00
0.91
0.80
1.04
Japanese
0.97
0.94
0.99
0.80
0.75
0.85
0.72
0.64
0.82
0.60
0.53
0.69
Filipino
1.04
1.01
1.06
0.97
0.88
1.05
1.01
0.90
1.13
1.03
0.92
1.15
Hawaiian
1.40
1.34
1.46
1.17
1.01
1.37
1.67
1.31
2.11
1.16
0.97
1.39
Korean
1.54
1.48
1.60
0.91
0.78
1.07
1.19
0.82
1.74
1.00
0.75
1.32
Asian Indian
0.90
0.83
0.98
0.58
0.39
0.86
1.47
1.03
2.09
1.17
0.85
1.61
Vietnamese
1.47
1.41
1.54
0.80
0.64
1.00
1.71
1.14
2.55
1.11
0.83
1.50
Other API
1.14
1.09
1.18
0.81
0.68
0.97
1.15
0.89
1.49
1.12
0.91
1.38
Neighborhood (census tract) SES index
1st decile (low SES)
1.56
1.54
1.59
1.29
1.23
1.36
1.57
1.46
1.68
1.68
1.57
1.79
2nd decile
1.47
1.46
1.49
1.21
1.16
1.27
1.53
1.43
1.63
1.59
1.49
1.69
3rd decile
1.39
1.37
1.41
1.19
1.14
1.24
1.38
1.30
1.46
1.49
1.41
1.58
4th decile
1.34
1.33
1.36
1.17
1.12
1.22
1.28
1.21
1.36
1.40
1.32
1.48
5th decile
1.31
1.29
1.32
1.15
1.11
1.20
1.26
1.19
1.33
1.35
1.28
1.42
6th decile
1.26
1.25
1.28
1.10
1.06
1.15
1.26
1.19
1.34
1.27
1.20
1.34
7th decile
1.23
1.21
1.24
1.10
1.06
1.15
1.25
1.18
1.33
1.21
1.14
1.27
8th decile
1.20
1.18
1.21
1.08
1.04
1.13
1.18
1.11
1.26
1.19
1.13
1.26
9th decile
1.12
1.11
1.13
1.05
1.01
1.10
1.11
1.04
1.18
1.14
1.07
1.20
10th decile (high SES)
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
for age at diagnosis, period of diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, area SES, and rural-urban residence. 2Number of diagnosed cancer patients = 1,663,844; number dying during 1988–1999 follow-up = 541,427. 3Number of diagnosed colorectal cancer patients = 150,330; number dying during 1988–1999 follow-up = 46,673. 4Number of diagnosed prostate cancer patients = 228,839; number dying during 1988–1999 follow-up = 422,784. 5Number of diagnosed female breast cancer patients = 197,270; number dying during 1988–1999 follow-up = 24,976.
