Research Article
Estimating the Health Risk Associated with the Use of Ecological Sanitation Toilets in Malawi
Table 6
Estimated annual risk due to exposure to faecal sludge from EcoSan latrines.
| | Pathogen | Route of exposure | FAs | UDDTs | | Average pathogen dose ingested | Estimated risk | Average pathogen dose ingested | Estimated risk |
| | Ascaris lumbricoides | Inhalation and ingestion | 1.28 | 7.2 × 10−1 | 0.83 | 5.6 × 10−1 | | Taenia | Inhalation and ingestion | 0.65 | 4.8 × 10−1 | 0.58 | 4.4 × 10−1 | | Hookworms | Dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion | 220.3 | 1.0 × 100 | 66.4 | 1.0 × 100 |
| | Bacteria (CFUs per gram) | | E. coli | Inhalation and ingestion | 3258.7 | 6.0 × 10−1 | 1654.3 | 5.4 × 10−1 | | Salmonella | Inhalation and ingestion | 1122.4 | 1.0 × 10−1 | 1001.2 | 8.9 × 10−2 |
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