Environmental, Spatial, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Nonfatal Injuries in Indonesia
Table 3
Two-part negative binomial logit hurdle model estimates for injuries (N = 820,609).
Variables
Two-part negative binomial hurdle
Logit
Zero-truncated NB
OR
SE
IRR
SE
Spatial
Region of residence
Sumatera (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
Java-Bali region
0.0155
0.0483
Eastern Indonesia
0.0118
0.0380
Place of residence
Rural area
1
NA
1
NA
Urban area
0.0100
1.0437
0.0305
Environmental
Distance to drinking water source (DWS)
DWS on premise (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
≤100 metres
1.0158
0.0096
1.0304
0.0289
101–1000 metres
0.0188
1.0470
0.0527
>1000 metres
0.0432
1.1538
0.1338
Household residing in a slum area
No (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
Yes
0.0123
0.0356
Sociodemographic
Sex
Female (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
Male
0.0153
0.0319
Age (in years)
10–19 (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
20–29
0.0134
0.0452
30–39
0.0134
0.0517
40–49
0.0137
0.0591
50–59
0.0143
0.0546
≥60
0.0146
0.0605
Marital status
Currently married/living together (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
Never married and age ≥ 15 years
0.0208
0.0563
Never married and age < 15 years
0.0216
0.0770
Bereaved
0.0291
1.1082
0.0779
Divorced/separated
0.0438
0.1270
Occupation
Unemployed (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
Student
0.0164
0.0352
Employed
0.0188
0.0361
Farmer
0.0153
1.0546
0.0625
Fisherman
0.0363
0.9572
0.1270
Entrepreneur
0.0172
0.0497
Highest educational attainment
None
0.0388
0.1757
Some primary school
0.0307
0.1289
Completed primary school
0.0287
0.1081
Completed junior high school
0.0293
0.0942
Completed senior high school
0.0263
0.0928
Completed college/university (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
Economic
Household ever participated in Raskin
No (Ref.)
1
NA
1
NA
Yes
0.0107
0.9994
0.0285
Wealth index score (in units)
1.0058
0.0040
0.0117
Notes. NB, negative binomial; OR, odds ratio; IRR, incidence rate ratio; SE, robust standard errors; DWS, drinking water source; NA, not applicable. The symbols , , denote 1, 5, and 10% level of significance, respectively. Source is authors’ calculation of the IBHR 2013 data.
