Riverbed Sediments as Reservoirs of Multiple Vibrio cholerae Virulence-Associated Genes: A Potential Trigger for Cholera Outbreaks in Developing Countries

Table 1

Primers used for the identification of VAGs of V. cholerae in water and riverbed sediment samples collected from the Apies River.

Target gene	Primer sequence (5′–3′)	Amplicon size	Reference
ompW	F: CACCAAGAAGGTGACTTTATTGTG	304	[18]
	R: GAACTTATAACCACCCGCG
ctxAB	F: GCCGGGTTGTGGGAATGCTCCAAG	536	[38]
	R: GCCATACTAATTGCGGCAATCGCATG
Zot	F: TCGCTTAACGATGGCGCGTTTT	947	[39]
	R: AACCCCGTTTCACTTCTACCCA
tcpA (El Tor)	F: CACGATAAGAAAACCGGTCAAGAG	451	[39]
	R: CGAAAGCACCTTCTTTCACGTTG
tcpI	F: TAGCCTTAGTTCTCAGCAGGCA	862	[39]
	R: GGCAATAGTGTCGAGCTCGTTA
hlyA	F: GTGCGTATCAGCCTAGATGA	216	[40]
	R: CCAAGCTCAAAACCTGAAA
toxR	F: CCTTCGATCCCCTAAGCAATAC	779	[39]
	R: AGGGTTAGCAACGATGCGTAAG
Stn/sto	F: TCGCATTTAGCCAAACAGTAGAAA	179	[39]
	R: GCTGGATTGCAACATATTTCGC

bp = base pair.