Socioeconomic Deprivation Status and Air Pollution by PM₁₀ and NO₂: An Assessment at Municipal Level of 11 Years in Italy

Table 3

Linear regression models of dependent variables “annual mean of NO₂” and “annual mean of PM₁₀.”

Pollutants	Model for year	Covariates
		% subjects with low level of education		% unemployment		% nonhome ownership		% single-parent family		Overcrowding 100 m^2		Resident population		Foreign citizen		R^2 adj.
		β		β		β		β		β	p	β		β
The annual mean of NO2	2002	−0.089	0.332	0.061	0.625	0.324	<0.001	−0.091	0.328	0.144	0.132	0.333	<0.001	0.043	0.882	0.294
	2003	−0.126	0.079	−0.118	0.056	0.338	<0.001	−0.168	0.006	−0.239	0.811	0.336	<0.001	−0.272	0.138	0.340
	2004	−0.113	0.087	−0.141	0.007	0.303	<0.001	−0.150	0.005	0.004	0.946	0.338	<0.001	−0.128	0.432	0.346
	2005	−0.075	0.265	−0.149	0.002	0.324	<0.001	−0.044	0.402	0.013	0.835	0.296	<0.001	−0.141	0.343	0.280
	2006	−0.12	0.036	−0.198	<0.001	0.256	<0.001	−0.101	0.056	0.035	0.551	0.310	<0.001	−0.073	0.641	0.277
	2007	−0.128	0.008	−0.231	<0.001	0.254	<0.001	−0.088	0.047	0.004	0.937	0.296	<0.001	−0.206	0.125	0.281
	2008	−0.120	0.014	−0.223	<0.001	0.306	<0.001	−0.096	0.036	0.031	0.543	0.619	<0.001	−0.366	0.012	0.268
	2009	−0.118	0.007	−0.152	<0.001	0.280	<0.001	−0.061	0.157	0.033	0.488	0.269	<0.001	−0.219	0.139	0.285
	2010	−0.173	<0.001	−0.199	<0.001	0.249	<0.001	−0.076	0.068	0.054	0.224	0.053	0.744	0.254	<0.001	0.291
	2011	−0.204	<0.001	−0.182	<0.001	0.266	<0.001	−0.074	0.073	0.040	0.350	−0.066	0.702	0.260	<0.001	0.352
	2012	−0.231	<0.001	−0.179	<0.001	0.300	<0.001	−0.085	0.049	0.015	0.732	0.223	<0.001	0.002	0.989	0.349
The annual mean of PM10	2002	−0.454	0.004	0.457	0.094	−0.146	0.460	−0.055	0.793	−0.442	0.099	0.240	<0.001	−0.106	0.924	0.110
	2003	0.074	0.597	−0.066	0.544	0.072	0.661	−0.321	0.006	−0.086	0.667	0.402	<0.001	−0.441	0.324	0.126
	2004	0.189	0.058	0.198	0.115	0.267	0.009	0.017	0.875	−0.211	0.020	−0.413	<0.001	0.401	<0.001	0.185
	2005	0.007	0.938	−0.294	<0.001	0.303	<0.001	−0.011	0.884	−0.057	0.517	−0.315	<0.001	0.111	0.122	0.182
	2006	−0.023	0.765	−0.211	0.004	0.253	<0.001	−0.144	0.021	−0.123	0.086	0.011	<0.001	0.197	0.001	0.193
	2007	−0.033	0.616	−0.127	0.035	0.261	<0.001	−0.188	0.001	−0.200	0.001	0.197	<0.001	−0.096	0.641	0.151
	2008	0.064	0.294	−0.168	<0.001	0.331	<0.001	−0.132	0.017	−0.069	0.286	0.157	<0.001	−0.114	0.572	0.134
	2009	0.012	0.848	−0.023	0.680	0.292	<0.001	−0.075	0.143	−0.185	<0.001	0.128	<0.001	−0.088	0.643	0.118
	2010	0.124	0.020	0.014	0.817	0.375	<0.001	−0.046	0.441	−0.211	<0.001	0.100	<0.001	−0.113	0.538	0.117
	2011	−0.046	0.430	−0.008	0.875	0.350	<0.001	−0.187	<0.001	−0.342	<0.001	−0.308	<0.001	0.160	<0.001	0.205
	2012	−0.094	0.094	−0.012	0.836	0.330	<0.001	−0.202	<0.001	−0.310	<0.001	−0.449	0.032	0.584	0.005	0.233

Values whose are given in bold.