Socioeconomic Deprivation Status and Air Pollution by PM₁₀ and NO₂: An Assessment at Municipal Level of 11 Years in Italy

Table 4

Linear regression models of dependent variables “annual mean of NO₂” and “annual mean of PM₁₀” in Northern Italian regions.

Pollutants	Model for year	Covariates
		% subjects with low level of education		% unemployment		% nonhome ownership		% single-parent family		Overcrowding 100 m^2		Resident population		Foreign citizen		R^2 adj.
		β		β		β		β		β		β		β
The annual mean of NO2	2002	−0.081	0.514	0.064	0.604	0.118	0.328	−0.069	0.537	0.108	0.290	0.580	<0.001	−0.554	0.105	0.327
	2003	−0.124	0.154	−0.138	0.079	0.287	<0.001	−0.153	0.035	−0.012	0.864	1.101	<0.001	−0.720	0.012	0.300
	2004	−0.117	0.124	−0.175	0.008	0.283	<0.001	−0.129	0.033	0.001	0.996	1.058	<0.001	−0.661	0.005	0.342
	2005	−0.102	0.243	−0.181	0.019	0.302	<0.001	−0.153	0.033	0.094	0.172	0.905	0.001	−0.594	0.023	0.235
	2006	−0.111	0.154	−0.124	0.064	0.179	0.008	−0.095	0.150	0.063	0.306	0.830	0.001	−0.460	0.055	0.215
	2007	−0.134	0.038	−0.130	0.020	0.145	0.022	−0.059	0.288	0.013	0.801	0.936	<0.001	−0.580	0.004	0.262
	2008	−0.200	0.001	−0.104	0.052	0.152	0.011	−0.087	0.101	0.025	0.603	0.989	<0.001	−0.635	0.002	0.318
	2009	−0.215	<0.001	−0.138	0.008	0.231	<0.001	−0.089	0.087	0.058	0.227	0.837	<0.001	−0.454	0.024	0.376
	2010	−0.197	0.001	−0.109	0.032	0.281	<0.001	−0.094	0.059	0.049	0.303	0.710	0.001	−0.359	0.088	0.380
	2011	−0.125	0.048	−0.085	0.097	0.369	<0.001	−0.113	0.027	0.095	0.050	0.822	<0.001	−0.484	0.022	0.424
	2012	−0.186	0.004	−0.064	0.246	0.256	<0.001	−0.068	0.219	0.060	0.240	0.837	<0.001	−0.516	0.015	0.390
The annual mean of PM10	2002	−0.206	0.287	−0.240	0.253	−0.461	0.013	−0.285	0.165	−0.156	0.573	−0.162	0.913	0.707	<0.001	0.353
	2003	0.421	<0.001	−0.082	0.515	−0.088	0.587	−0.054	0.733	−0.161	0.163	0.603	<0.001	−0.924	0.273	0.454
	2004	0.350	0.002	−0.072	0.477	0.242	0.032	0.002	0.987	−0.164	0.122	0.560	<0.001	−0.080	0.851	0.357
	2005	−0.008	0.947	−0.138	0.146	0.216	0.027	−0.146	0.153	0.070	0.454	−0.025	0.948	0.201	0.040	0.100
	2006	0.003	0.973	−0.034	0.673	0.235	0.013	−0.296	0.001	0.064	0.439	−0.078	0.805	0.216	0.013	0.154
	2007	−0.057	0.531	−0.036	0.665	0.115	0.170	−0.239	0.001	−0.158	0.029	−0.363	0.139	0.249	0.001	0.131
	2008	0.024	0.774	−0.014	0.860	0.115	0.152	−0.091	0.176	−0.159	0.018	−0.883	<0.001	1.132	<0.001	0.146
	2009	0.069	0.416	−0.034	0.640	0.257	0.001	−0.157	0.035	−0.119	0.069	−0.682	0.005	0.863	<0.001	0.166
	2010	0.080	0.317	0.036	0.605	0.298	<0.001	−0.130	0.065	−0.189	0.003	−0.765	0.002	0.904	<0.001	0.190
	2011	0.018	0.831	−0.025	0.708	0.357	<0.001	−0.254	<0.001	−0.187	0.002	−0.384	0.172	0.220	0.001	0.223
	2012	−0.023	0.778	−0.074	0.286	0.396	<0.001	−0.237	0.001	−0.161	0.011	−0.491	0.088	0.667	0.020	0.216

Values whose are given in bold.