Parental Perceptions of Child’s Medical Care and Neighborhood and Child’s Behavioral Risk Factors for Obesity in U.S. Children by Body Mass Index Classification

Table 1

Independent risk factors for overweight/obese versus normal weight children.

Variable	Overweight/obese: percent zBMI scores ≥ 85^th percentile (95^th CI)
Race/ethnicity	Hispanic	NHB	Other races	NHW	<0.001
	40.2^a (36.9, 43.6)	41.6^a (38.8, 44.4)	28.1^b (24.9, 31.4)	26.3^b (25.2, 27.4)
Age category (years)	10–12	13–15	16‐17		<0.001
	37.7^a (36.0, 39.5)	29.9^b (28.2, 31.7)	24.4^c (22.5, 26.3)
Sex	Boys		Girls		<0.001
	34.6 (33.2, 36.1)		27.8 (26.4, 29.3)
Physical activity^#	Days/week				<0.001
	0		11.9 (10.6, 13.3)
	1–3		28.9 (27.1, 30.8)
	4‐5		30.8 (29.1, 32.7)
	6‐7		27.4 (25.6, 29.3)
Television, video games	(Hours/day)				<0.001
	0 to <1		26.8^a (25.2, 28.4)
	1 to <4		33.2^b (31.7, 34.8)
	≥4		39.8^c (36.9, 42.8)
Second- or third-hand smoke in house^‡	Yes		42.7 (39.1, 46.3)		<0.001
	No		30.5 (29.4, 31.6)
Perceived neighborhood safe	Yes		29.9 (28.9, 30.9)		<0.001
	No		42.1 (38.2, 46.1)
Perceived neighborhood supportive	Yes		29.4 (28.3, 30.5)		<0.001
	No		42.2 (39.2, 45.3)
Poverty level	(% FPL)				<0.001
	0–99		45.3^a (42.5, 48.1)
	100–199		37.2^b (24.7, 39.8)
	200–399		28.8^c (27.0, 30.5)
	≥400		21.6^d (20.2, 23.1)

zBMI = body mass index for age and sex; FPL = federal poverty level. Note. Data presented as percent within parameters. Parameters with the same letter were not significantly different. ^#Times during the week that the child exercised, played a sport, or participated in physical activity for at least 20 minutes at the moderate-to-vigorous level. The following variables were not significantly different by zBMI: use of computer and other electronic devices (); inadequate sleep (); preventive medical care (); health insurance adequacy (); and parks or playgrounds (). ^‡Determined by affirmative response to “someone smokes in the house.”