Assessing the Progress towards Achieving “VISION 2020: The Right to Sight” Initiative in Ghana

Table 1

Population-based studies on prevalence of blindness in Ghana (presenting VA).

Study	Year	Location	Prevalence of MSVI and principal causes	Prevalence of blindness and its principal causes
Moll et al. [23]	1991	Wenchi	3.7%	1.7%
			Cataract (52%), refractive error (24%), nonglaucomotous optic atrophy (2%), vascular retinopathy (2%)	Cataract (63%), onchocerciasis (13%), corneal opacity (8%), refractive error (4%), phthisis (4%)
Guzek et al. [24]	2001	Ho, Hohoe, Kpando	15.0%	2.8%
			Cataract (54%), glaucoma (21%) and refractive error (17%), retinal disorders (9%); optic atrophy (8.8%), iatrogenic (3.9%)
Budenz et al. [25]	2005	Tema	11.3%	1.2%
			Refractive error 61%, cataract 21%, glaucoma (5%), corneal opacities 3%, retinal disease 3%	Refractive error (35%), cataract (28%), glaucoma (14%), corneal opacities (6%), retinal disease (6%)
Wiafe et al. [22]	2015	Whole of Ghana	3.0%	0.9%
			Refractive error (44.4%), cataract (42.2%), posterior segment 8.9%, glaucoma (2.2%) and corneal opacities (2.2%)	Cataract (55%), glaucoma (19%), posterior segment diseases (13%), corneal opacities (11%)

MSVI: moderate to severe visual impairment, VA < 6/18 to 3/60.