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| Variables | Descriptions |
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| Criterion variables |
| Sources of drinking water | (i) Improved: a household is said to have access to an improved drinking water source if it has water piped into its dwelling, water piped to a yard/plot, a public tap/standpipe, a tube well/borehole, a protected dug well, a protected spring, rainwater, bottled water, or sachet water |
| | (ii) Unimproved: a household is said to have access to an unimproved drinking water source if it has an unprotected dug well, an unprotected spring, a tanker truck/cart with a small tank, or surface water |
| Types of toilet facilities | (i) Improved: a household is said to have access to improved toilet facilities if it has unshared flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets, or pit latrines with slabs |
| | (ii) Unimproved: a household is said to have access to unimproved toilet facilities if it has improved facilities that are shared, flush/pour flush not to sewer/septic tank/pit latrine, pit latrine without slab/open pit, bucket, hanging toilet/hanging latrine, or no facility/bush/field |
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| Explanatory variables |
| Sex of the household head | (i) Male (ii) Female |
| Age of the household head | (i) 15–34 years (ii) 35–54 years (iii) 55 years and above |
| Education level of the household head | (i) No education/preschool (ii) Primary (iii) Middle/JSS/JHS (iv) Secondary/SSS/SHS (v) Postsecondary |
| Marital status of the household head | (i) Never married/never lived together (ii) Currently married (iii) Formerly/ever married |
| Household wealth index | (i) Poorest (ii) Poor (iii) Middle (iv) Richer (v) Richest |
| Household size | (i) 1–3 (ii) 4–6 (iii) 7+ |
| Place of residence of household | (i) Rural (ii) Urban |
| Region of residence of household | (i) Greater Accra (ii) Eastern (iii) Volta (iv) Central (v) Western (vi) Ashanti (vii) Brong Ahafo (viii) Northern (ix) Upper East (x) Upper West |
| Primary sampling unit | Handled as a community in the study |
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