Increased Outdoor PM_2.5 Concentration Is Associated with Moderate/Severe Anemia in Children Aged 6–59 Months in Lima, Peru

Table 2

Characteristics of children aged between 6 and 59 months according to the district of residence in Lima, 2012–2016.

Zone (n)	Hb (g/dL); (mean ± SD)	Age (months); (mean ± SD)	Stunting (% (95% CI))	PM2.5 (μg/m^3); (mean ± SD)	Anemia; (% (95% CI))
North (n = 50770)	11.15 ± 0.96	16.09 ± 11.1	4.96^b (4.77–5.15)	24.66 ± 6.07^a	40.85^c (40.43–41.27)
Central (n = 20278)	11.21 ± 0.94	18.26 ± 12.2	4.07 (3.80–4.35)	18.76 2.11	37.60 (37.83–39.33)
South (n = 37007)	11.14 ± 1.01	17.11 ± 11.9	5.23 (5.00–5.46)	21.45 ± 3.87	39.70 (39.19–40.19)
East (n = 24957)	11.09 ± 1.03	15.75 ± 11.8	5.02 (4.75–5.30)	31.57 ± 5.63	41.07 (40.45–41.68)
West (n = 6356)	11.31 ± 1.14	19.21 ± 12.8	0	18.59 ± 1.17	30.07 (28.94–31.21)
Total	11.15 ± 0.99	16.76 ± 11.7	4.69 (4.57–4.79)	23.91 ± 6.42	39.62 (39.36–39.87)

Anemia: hemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dL. North Lima compared to others zones. ANOVA: Hb: North vs the rest. Age: North vs the others. Wilcoxon test: North vs the others. Chi-square test: stunting North vs Central. Anemia North vs Central, South, and West.