Assessment of Levels, Speciation, and Toxicity of Trace Metal Contaminants in Selected Shallow Groundwater Sources, Surface Runoff, Wastewater, and Surface Water from Designated Streams in Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda

Table 15

Results for risk assessment with respect to copper and nickel for selected surface water samples.

Sample name	Local HC5 (dissolved) (µg/L)	BioF	Bioavailable copper concentration (µg/L)	RCR	Local HC5 (dissolved) (µg/L)	BioF	Bioavailable nickel concentration (µg/L)	RCR
River Mpanga	119.21	0.01	0.02	0.02	53.20	0.08	0.41	0.10
Nakivubo Channel	185.25	0.01	0.06	0.06	59.21	0.07	0.74	0.18
Lubigi Channel	191.68	0.01	0.69	0.69	57.50	0.07	12.45	3.11
Kibenge Hot Springs	227.55	0.00	0.03	0.03	56.31	0.07	0.65	0.16
River Nyamwamba	131.48	0.01	1.32	1.32	42.11	0.09	1.71	0.43
Kitagata Hot Springs	159.16	0.01	0.02	0.02	53.90	0.07	0.18	0.04
Kilembe Mine tailings	54.56	0.02	29.40	29.40	29.95	0.13	12.02	3.00
Mulago Channel	75.42	0.01	0.06	0.06	30.80	0.13	0.75	0.19
Bugoloobi Channel	144.60	0.01	0.27	0.27	43.10	0.09	11.79	2.95
Lugogo Channel	82.05	0.01	0.04	0.04	31.76	0.13	0.87	0.22
Lugazi Channel	117.74	0.01	0.14	0.14	39.35	0.10	1.99	0.50
Jinja Landfill leachate	474.12	0.00	0.16	0.16	151.90	0.03	2.77	0.69
Kiteezi Landfill leachate	173.20	0.01	0.69	0.69	100.41	0.04	10.80	2.70