Assessment of Levels, Speciation, and Toxicity of Trace Metal Contaminants in Selected Shallow Groundwater Sources, Surface Runoff, Wastewater, and Surface Water from Designated Streams in Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda

Table 6

Mean values of other parameters of shallow groundwater and associated surface runoff from periurban Kampala compared to Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality and Ugandan Standards.

Spring name	Analysis of spring water							Surface runoff analysis
	T (°C)	pH	DOC (mg/L)	EC (µS/cm)	NO3^− (mg/L)	Cl^− (mg/L)	F^− (mg/L)	EC (µS/cm)	Cd^2+ (µg/L)	Pb^2+ (µg/L)
Canadian guidelines	—	6.5–8.5	—	—	45	—	0.5	—	5	10
Ugandan standards	—	6.0–8.5	—	1000	10	250	1.0	1000	10	50
Nakawa division
Nabuze	25.0	5.46	1.0	665	34.1	11.9	0.1	750	1.18	178
Katarina	24.0	5.36	1.0	372	19.9	6.9	0.1	450	1.30	81
Buwooya	25.0	5.45	1.0	211	10.4	3.8	0.2	350	2.62	560
Bukoto 1	26.0	5.07	1.0	226	27.0	13.3	0.3	300	2.52	915
Bukoto 2	25.0	4.80	2.0	470	64.3	24.2	0.2	520	3.10	905
Kiddumu	25.0	5.72	1.0	862	44.8	16.8	0.1	1208	0.32	108
Kawempe division
Nabukalu	25.0	4.93	2.0	873	78.7	30.3	0.1	980	2.39	129
Abdu	26.0	4.74	1.0	2650	78.5	46.5	0.1	3050	2.64	1294
SP4306K	25.0	4.98	1.0	786	38.6	16.6	0.1	824	1.35	95.8
Kikoni	26.0	5.35	1.0	497	42.5	18.2	0.1	532	8.00	519
Bukuku	26.0	5.86	2.0	643	65.4	31.2	0.1	835	1.19	92.1
Rubaga division
SP1414R	26.0	4.93	1.0	774	63.6	27.0	0.1	812	1.82	121
Sentamu	25.0	4.98	1.0	722	74.6	32.3	0.1	820	0.42	69
Kunnya	25.0	5.30	1.0	574	107.3	41.7	0.1	642	0.31	11
SP1212R	25.0	5.03	1.0	631	1.0	10.2	1.0	722	0.13	28
Kibumbiro	24.0	5.14	2.0	586	68.4	40.1	0.1	650	0.96	185
Kabaale	25.0	5.32	1.0	607	70.2	28.4	0.2	600	0.90	45
Nababirye	25.0	5.68	1.0	272	42.5	18.3	0.1	472	0.35	31
Nsereko	26.0	4.89	1.0	786	24.7	8.8	0.1	786	24.7	8.8
Lugala	25.0	5.18	1.0	272	57.9	21.6	0.1	1090	0.30	30.8
SP1010R	25.0	5.18	1.0	916	64.5	28.4	0.1	1200	0.03	78
Makindye division
Nsambya	25.0	5.37	1.0	1098	101.2	42.1	0.2	1250	0.68	140
Kapeke	25.0	5.18	1.0	1472	102.5	64.4	0.2	1670	0.29	106
Yusuf	25.0	5.45	1.0	648	101.4	42.7	0.2	1210	0.43	215
Kasanvu	25.0	5.68	1.0	764	38.7	11.8	0.5	825	0.18	36
Kibuuka	25.0	5.89	1.0	873	45.6	18.6	0.2	972	1.20	201.4
Kisugu	25.0	5.68	1.0	764	125.3	58.5	0.2	1250	0.68	140.0
SP7009M	26.0	5.24	2.0	607	45.6	18.6	0.2	648	0.82	141.0
Central division
Nabagereka	25.0	5.54	2.0	1208	58.3	35.6	0.3	779	0.03	34
Barracks	25.0	5.36	1.0	779	74.7	23.2	0.1	864	0.22	121
SP5003C	24.0	5.55	2.0	1051	53.7	35.5	0.3	1251	0.29	57
Kisekka	26.0	4.97	2.0	772	5.1	49.6	5.0	820	18.3	15.4
Kinyoro	24.0	5.20	1.0	421	18.0	5.9	0.1	774	1.05	294.9
Bativa	26.0	4.95	1.0	832	38.8	14.8	0.1	870	0.68	55.7
SP5508C	25.0	5.24	1.0	680	44.4	29.4	0.2	680	44.4	29.4
SP5303C	26.0	5.25	2.0	648	53.7	36.5	0.3	648	53.7	36.5
SP4902C	26.0	4.92	1.0	786	60.5	23.2	0.1	1670	0.29	105.8