Interventions to Increase Blood Donation among Ethnic/Racial Minorities: A Systematic Review

Table 5

Primary intervention outcomes.

Study (intervention)	Primary outcome(s)	Follow-up	Number/proportion of donors	% New donors
One-off information and education interventions
Bachegowda et al. [34] (emailed information and video link)	Return presentation for donation	76 days	2.5% of those who opened the e-mail presented for blood donation, compared with 1.0% of those who did not open the e-mail ().	NA
Price et al. [35] (mailed information and video)	Number of presenting donors	6 months	75% (217 vs. 124) increase () compared to first 6-month interval from previous year. No significant increases in geographically adjoining zip codes during the same period.	64% (126 vs. 77) increase () compared to previous year.
Robbins et al. [36] (computer-tailored intervention)	Likelihood of considering donating blood	Immediate	More likely to consider after completing the program (t (149) = 3.56, , d = 0.29).
Sutton [37] (face-to-face information and video)	Attempt to donate blood	2 months	16% (n = 20/124), compared with 9% of African Americans in the area (z = 3.039, ).
Multifaceted, community-based interventions
Charbonneau and Daigneault [38]; Charbonneau and Tran [39] (53 outreach activities)	Number of black community donors	NR	Increased from 170 in 2009 to 1,582 in 2012.	53%
Frye et al. [40] (outreach coordinators)	Units of blood from African American and Hispanic or Latino American	Up to 14 months (during active recruitment period)	Incremental increase of 1,574 African American and Hispanic or Latino American units. 15% were rare blood donors, compared with 4% of typical NYBC drives.	Nearly three-quarters, compared with 17% of NYBC drive donors.
Grassineau et al. [41] (community action group)	Volunteering for blood donation	Immediate	Total of 92 individuals of Comorian origin volunteered for blood donation (no reported comparison period, control group, or size of population exposed to intervention).	NR
Price et al. [42] (repeated blood drives at churches)	Percentage of first-time blood donors	Immediate	NA	60% (428 of 699), compared with 12.2% (21,516 of 175,818) for the area ()

NA: not applicable; NR: not reported.