Injury-Related Deaths according to Environmental, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors

Table 3

Relative mortality rates of death from homicide and legal intervention according to selected environmental, demographic, and lifestyle variables in the contiguous United States, 2011–15.

Quartile groupings	Adjusted for age, sex, and race				Adjusted for age, sex, race, and the other variables with results listed
	Relative rate	95% LCL	95% UCL	Pr > ChiSq	Relative rate	95% LCL	95% UCL	Pr > ChiSq
Average daily sunlight (kJ/m^2)
<15050	1.00				1.00
15050–16105	1.02	0.99	1.05	0.1137	1.01	0.97	1.04	0.7064
16106–17720	0.70	0.68	0.72	<0.0001	0.69	0.66	0.72	<0.0001
≥17721	0.95	0.93	0.98	0.0001	0.80	0.75	0.84	<0.0001
Altitude (m)
<268	1.00
269–476	0.99	0.97	1.02	0.4816
477–1040	0.95	0.92	0.98	0.0004
≥1041	1.08	1.02	1.13	0.0051
Average maximum daily temperature (F)
<58.1	1.00				1.00
58.1–64.7	1.03	1.00	1.06	0.0725	1.07	1.03	1.11	0.0003
64.8–73.0	1.03	1.00	1.07	0.0304	1.30	1.24	1.36	<0.0001
≥73.1	1.09	1.06	1.12	<0.0001	1.28	1.21	1.35	<0.0001
Average fine particulate matter (µg/m^3)
<10.5	1.00
10.5–11.8	0.91	0.89	0.93	<0.0001
11.9–12.8	1.14	1.12	1.17	<0.0001
≥12.9	1.12	1.09	1.15	<0.0001
Average daily precipitation (mm)
<2.08	1.00				1.00
2.08–2.97	0.93	0.91	0.96	<0.0001	0.75	0.72	0.78	<0.0001
2.98–3.37	0.95	0.92	0.97	<0.0001	0.78	0.76	0.81	<0.0001
≥3.38	0.84	0.82	0.86	<0.0001	0.69	0.66	0.71	<0.0001
% in poverty, 2013
3.0–12.5	1.00				1.00
12.6–16.3	1.30	1.26	1.35	<0.0001	1.19	1.15	1.24	<0.0001
16.4–20.8	1.79	1.74	1.85	<0.0001	1.52	1.47	1.57	<0.0001
20.9–55.1	2.14	2.07	2.21	<0.0001	1.77	1.69	1.84	<0.0001
% adult smokers
9.3–23.6	1.00				1.00
23.6–26.1	1.42	1.39	1.45	<0.0001	1.39	1.35	1.43	<0.0001
26.2–28.5	1.40	1.36	1.44	<0.0001	1.30	1.25	1.35	<0.0001
28.6–40.3	2.06	2.01	2.12	<0.0001	1.63	1.56	1.70	<0.0001
% urban, 2010 census
0–17.3	1.00
17.3–43.7	1.47	1.32	1.65	<0.0001
43.8–69.1	0.86	0.79	0.94	0.0013
69.2–100	0.63	0.59	0.67	<0.0001
Population density per square mile of land area, 2010
0–45	1.00				1.00
46–114	0.54	0.50	0.60	<0.0001	0.63	0.57	0.70	<0.0001
115–379	0.42	0.38	0.45	<0.0001	0.55	0.50	0.60	<0.0001
380–69468	0.39	0.36	0.42	<0.0001	0.59	0.54	0.64	<0.0001
% obese, age-adjusted, 2013
11.8–28.0	1.00
28.0–30.9	1.19	1.16	1.22	<0.0001
31.0–33.7	1.59	1.56	1.63	<0.0001
33.8–47.9	1.43	1.38	1.49	<0.0001
% leisure-time physical inactivity, age-adjusted, 2013
9.7–21.4	1.00				1.00
21.4–24.4	1.12	1.09	1.14	<0.0001	1.09	1.06	1.12	<0.0001
24.5–28.0	1.31	1.28	1.34	<0.0001	1.08	1.05	1.12	<0.0001
28.0–39.8	1.25	1.20	1.29	<0.0001	1.10	1.05	1.16	0.0001

Note. Homicide consists of deaths from injuries inflicted by another person with the intention of harming. Legal intervention consists of deaths from injuries inflicted by law enforcement agents. Altitude and population density groupings represent 50%, 25%, 15%, and 10% of the counties.