Research Article

Safety of Drinking Water from Primary Water Sources and Implications for the General Public in Uganda

Table 5

Incremental lifetime cancer risk amongst Ugandan children and adults consuming drinking water from different sources.

Cd in drinking waterNumber of valuesChildrenAdults values
Mean ± SEM (×10−4)

Borehole70.573 ± 0.0649b2.87 ± 0.324a0.0003196
Bottled water70.617 ± 0.0476b3.086 ± 0.2381a3.213E − 05
Open well80.636 ± 0.0455b0.505 ± 0.0361a6.557E − 06
Spring water100.617 ± 0.0325b3.09 ± 0.163a4.019E − 06
Tap water80.656 ± 0.0484b3.28 ± 0.242a8.152E − 06

Different superscripts indicate ILCR comparisons against US EPA limits. aThreat of cancer; bno threat.