Research Article
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Air Pollution in Accra, Ghana: A Critical Survey
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of respondents.
| Variable (n = 1404) | Male N (%) | Female N (%) | Total N (%) | Significance level |
| Age (years) | | | | | ≤29 | 260 (18.5) | 378 (26.9) | 638 (45.4) | X2 = 18.501 | 30–40 | 206 (14.7) | 172 (12.3) | 378 (26.9) | | 41–50 | 113 (8.0) | 140 (10.0) | 253 (18.0) | df = 4 | 51–60 | 45 (3.2) | 49 (3.5) | 94 (6.7) | | ≥61 | 20 (1.4) | 21 (1.5) | 41 (2.9) | | Total | 644 (45.9) | 760 (54.1) | 1404 (100) | |
| Religion | | | | | Christian | 509 (36.3) | 633 (45.1) | 1142 (81.3) | X2 = 20.875 | Islam | 115 (8.2) | 93 (6.6) | 208 (14.8) | | Traditionalist | 10 (0.7) | 31 (2.2) | 41 (2.9) | df = 3 | Total | 644 (45.9) | 760 (54.1) | 1404 (100) | |
| Ethnicity | | | | | Akan | 264 (18.8) | 362 (25.8) | 626 (44.6) | X2 = 39.272 | Ga-Adangbe | 114 (8.1) | 184 (13.1) | 298 (21.2) | | Mole-Dagbon | 7 (0.5) | 10 (0.7) | 17 (1.2) | df = 4 | Ewe | 73 (5.2) | 86 (6.1) | 159 (11.3) | | Others | 186 (13.2) | 118 (8.4) | 304 (21.7) | | Total | 664 (45.9) | 760 (54.1) | 1404 (100) | |
| Marital status | | | | | Single | 321 (22.9) | 429 (30.6) | 750 (53.4) | X2 = 11.807 | Married | 296 (21.1) | 286 (20.4) | 582 (41.5) | | Divorced | 20 (1.4) | 38 (2.7) | 58 (4.1) | df = 3 | Widow/widower | 7 (0.5) | 7 (0.5) | 14 (1.0) | | Total | 644 (45.9) | 760 (54.1) | 1404 (100) | |
| Education | | | | | No formal | 7 (0.5) | 28 (2.0) | 35 (2.5) | X2 = 9.675 | JHS/SHS | 69 (4.9) | 79 (5.6) | 148 (10.5) | | Tertiary | 568 (40.5) | 653 (46.5) | 1221 (87.0) | df = 2 | Total | 644 (45.9) | 760 (54.1) | 1404 (100) | |
| Social status | | | | | Upper class | 135 (9.6) | 199 (14.2) | 334 (23.8) | X2 = 7.951 | Middle class | 478 (34.0) | 512 (36.5) | 990 (70.5) | | Lower class | 31 (2.2) | 49 (3.5) | 80 (5.7) | df = 2 | Total | 644 (45.9) | 760 (54.1) | 1404 (100) | |
| Residence | | | | | Rural | 67 (4.8) | 36 (2.6) | 103 (7.3) | X2 = 16.468 | Urban | 577 (41.1) | 724 (51.6) | 1301 (92.7) | | Total | 644 (45.9) | 760 (54.1) | 1404 (100) | df = 1 |
| Length of stay in residence (years) | | | | | ≤ 3 | 172 (12.3) | 206 (14.7) | 378 (26.9) | X2 = 13.314 | 4–6 | 114 (8.1) | 126 (9.0) | 240 (17.1) | | 7–9 | 81 (5.8) | 55 (3.9) | 136 (9.7) | df = 3 | ≥10 | 277 (19.7) | 373 (26.6) | 650 (46.3) | | Total | 644 (45.9) | 760 (54.1) | 1404 (100) | |
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