Research Article
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Air Pollution in Accra, Ghana: A Critical Survey
Table 2
Respondents’ awareness of the haze and its adverse effects on health.
| | Variable (n = 417) | Yes N (%) | No N (%) | Total N (%) | Significance level |
| | Age (years) | | | | | | ≤29 | 426 (30.3) | 212 (15.1) | 638 (45.4) | X2 = 22.147 | | 30–40 | 300 (21.4) | 78 (5.6) | 378 (26.9) | | | 41–50 | 167 (11.9) | 86 (6.1) | 253 (18.0) | df = 4 | | 51–60 | 70 (1.9) | 24 (1.7) | 94 (6.7) | | | ≥61 | 27 (1.9) | 14 (1.0) | 41 (2.9) | | | Total | 990 (70.5) | 414 (29.5) | 1404 (100.0) | |
| | Gender | | | | | | Male | 460 (32.8) | 184 (13.1) | 644 (45.9) | X2 = 0.480 | | Female | 530 (37.7) | 230 (16.4) | 760 (54.1) | | | Total | 990 (70.5) | 414 (29.5) | 1404 (100.0) | df = 1 |
| | Marital status | | | | | | Single | 514 (36.6) | 236 (16.8) | 750 (53.4) | X2 = 20.861 | | Married | 439 (31.3) | 143 (10.2) | 582 (41.5) | | | Divorced | 30 (2.1) | 28 (2.0) | 58 (4.1) | df = 3 | | Widow/widower | 7 (0.5) | 7 (0.5) | 14 (1.0) | | | Total | 990 (70.5) | 414 (29.5) | 1404 (100.0) | |
| | Education | | | | | | No formal | 14 (1.0) | 21 (1.5) | 35 (2.5) | X2 = 36.218 | | JHS/SHS | 82 (5.8) | 66 (4.7) | 148 (10.5) | | | Tertiary | 894 (63.7) | 327 (23.3) | 1221 (87.0) | df = 2 | | Total | 990 (70.5) | 414 (29.5) | 1404 (100.0) | |
| | Social status | | | | | | Upper class | 281 (20.0) | 53 (3.8) | 334 (23.8) | X2 = 73.495 | | Middle class | 679 (48.4) | 311 (22.2) | 990 (70.5) | | | Lower class | 30 (2.1) | 50 (3.6) | 80 (5.7) | df = 2 | | Total | 990 (70.5) | 414 (29.5) | 1404 (100.0) | |
| | Length of stay in residents (years) | | | | | | ≤3 | 295 (21.0) | 83 (5.9) | 378 (26.9) | X2 = 17.943 | | 4–6 | 174 (12.4) | 66 (4.7) | 240 (17.1) | d | | 7–9 | 87 (6.2) | 49 (3.5) | 136 (9.7) | df = 3 | | ≥10 | 434 (30.9) | 216 (15.4) | 650 (46.3) | | | Total | 990 (70.5) | 414 (29.5) | 1404 (100.0) | |
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