Explaining the Effects of Socioeconomic and Housing Characteristics on the Choice of Toilet Facilities among Ghanaian Households

Table 4

Factors influencing the usage of other toilet facilities over open defecation.

Variable	Public toilet			Pit latrine/KVIP			WC
	Coef. [std. err.]	Z value ( value)	mfx	Coef. [std. err.]	Z value ( value)	mfx	Coef. [std. err.]	Z value ( value)	mfx
Sex	−0.161 [0.075]	−2.150 (0.032)	−0.027	−0.026 [0.072]	−0.370 (0.713)	0.020	−0.206 [0.098]	−2.110 (0.035)	−0.007
Age	0.011 [0.002]	5.580 (0.000)	0.001	0.010 [0.002]	5.600 (0.000)	0.001	0.021 [0.003]	7.350 (0.000)	0.001
Education	0.059 [0.008]	7.180 (0.000)	0.002	0.067 [0.008]	8.410 (0.000)	0.006	0.113 [0.010]	11.670 (0.000)	0.003
Household size	0.023 [0.013]	1.670 (0.095)	0.007	−0.012 [0.012]	−1.000 (0.317)	−0.004	−0.074 [0.021]	−3.520 (0.000)	−0.004
Marital status	0.202 [0.076]	2.640 (0.008)	−0.002	0.272 [0.073]	3.740 (0.000)	0.029	0.481 [0.101]	4.780 (0.000)	0.014
Urban	1.472 [0.072]	20.500 (0.000)	0.156	0.850 [0.071]	12.020 (0.000)	−0.045	[0.104]	24.330 (0.000)	0.080
Region (Accra)
Ashanti	0.615 [0.172]	3.580 (0.000)	−0.047	0.921 [0.175]	5.260 (0.000)	0.076	1.509 [0.187]	8.090 (0.000)	0.056
Brong Ahafo	0.200 [0.163]	1.230 (0.219)	−0.030	0.451 [0.166]	2.720 (0.007)	0.070	0.266 [0.198]	1.350 (0.179)	−0.0003
Central	−0.331 [0.162]	−2.050 (0.041)	−0.139	0.429 [0.163]	2.640 (0.008)	0.161	−0.263 [0.191]	−1.370 (0.170)	−0.013
Eastern	0.430 [0.180]	2.390 (0.017)	−0.183	1.586 [0.178]	8.890 (0.000)	0.297	0.698 [0.206]	3.380 (0.001)	−0.012
Northern	−1.555 [0.157]	−9.910 (0.000)	−0.148	−1.783 [0.165]	−10.790 (0.000)	−0.172	−1.803 [0.256]	−7.050 (0.000)	−0.023
Upper East	−3.200 [0.188]	−17.010 (0.000)	−0.357	−1.892 [0.163]	−11.580 (0.000)	−0.136	−1.948 [0.235]	−8.300 (0.000)	−0.019
Upper West	−1.785 [0.171]	−10.450 (0.000)	−0.268	−0.698 [0.160]	−4.380 (0.000)	0.040	−0.373 [0.222]	−1.680 (0.093)	0.026
Volta	−0.608 [0.158]	−3.850 (0.000)	−0.138	0.066 [0.158]	0.420 (0.676)	0.118	−0.768 [0.200]	−3.840 (0.000)	−0.020
Western	0.274 [0.170]	1.610 (0.107)	−0.107	0.908 [0.170]	5.320 (0.000)	0.149	1.030 [0.194]	5.310 (0.000)	0.028
Ownership of dwelling
Private entities	0.653 [0.096]	6.800 (0.000)	0.076	0.313 [0.095]	3.300 (0.001)	−0.04	1.170 [0.124]	9.430 (0.000)	0.041
Government	0.404 [0.072]	5.570 (0.000)	0.056	0.108 [0.069]	1.550 (0.120)	−0.047	0.907 [0.106]	8.520 (0.000)	0.036
Dwelling type
Compound	0.608 [0.246]	2.470 (0.013)	0.025	0.823 [0.263]	3.130 (0.002	0.116	0.650 [0.325]	2.000 (0.045)	0.004
Flats/semidetached/separate house	0.725 [0.250]	2.900 (0.004)	0.002	1.026 [0.266]	3.860 (0.000)	0.119	1.825 [0.329]	5.550 (0.000)	0.063
Expenditure of rent	−0.0006 [0.0001]	−6.660 (0.000)	−0.0002	0.000 [0.000]	4.370 (0.000)	0.0001	0.001 [0.000]	14.780 (0.000)	0.00005
Welfare quintile
Second	0.410 [0.089]	4.610 (0.000)	0.075	−0.028 [0.077]	−0.360 (0.720)	−0.065	1.028 [0.272]	3.780 (0.000)	0.023
Third	0.693 [0.101]	6.890 (0.000)	0.099	[0.091]	1.990 (0.047)	−0.065	1.724 [0.266]	6.470 (0.000)	0.046
Fourth	0.848 [0.119]	7.120 (0.000)	0.090	0.414 [0.111]	3.730 (0.000)	−0.043	2.194 [0.270]	8.120 (0.000)	0.067
Fifth	1.215 [0.182]	6.660 (0.000)	0.096	0.813 [0.177]	4.590 (0.000)	−0.021	2.801 [0.305]	9.190 (0.000)	0.091
Per capita consumption expenditure	1.6 E − 05 [2.2 E − 05]	7.4 E − 01 (4.6 E − 01)	0.000001	1.1 E − 05 [2.2 E − 05]	4.8 E − 01 (0.000)	−0.000001	7.0 E − 05 [2.2 E − 05]	3.1 E + 00 (0.000)	0.000003
Constant	−1.7 E + 00 [3.0 E − 01]	−5.5 E + 00 (0.000)		−1.8 E + 00 [3.1 E − 01]	−5.9 E + 00 (0.000)		−7.5 E + 00 [4.6 E − 01]	−1.6 E + 01 (0.000)