Corruption and Solid Waste Management in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda

Table 4

Factors contributing to solid waste problems and key perpetrators.

Factors contributing to solid waste problems	Key perpetrators
Corruption	Municipal council technocrats, politicians, truck drivers, turn boys, factory/hospital owners, and farmers. This means that corruption is a complex problem involving different actors and manifests in different forms.
Poor financing	The central government is partly to be blamed. No money is allocated by the central government to cater for waste management. The council is supposed to use local revenues to finance this. However, their sources of revenue were crippled by the 2017 presidential directive that stopped collection of daily fees from market vendors and taxes drivers in the country [50]. In the specific case of Mbarara municipality, this was their key source of money (interview, Principal Medical Officer of Health (PMOH), Mbarara Municipality, 9 May 2019). Poor financing at the municipal level can be blamed on misprioritisation and also corruption
Failure to enforce existing waste management laws	Municipal political and bureaucratic officials and community members
Political interferences	Politicians both at the central government level (e.g., the presidential scrapping of collecting daily fees from market vendors and taxi owners) and at municipal, division, and village level.
Lack of community participation, poor attitude by the public towards waste collection and tendency to throw garbage anywhere including environmentally sensitive areas	All community members but particularly those in very low income areas
Inadequate planning	Central and municipal politicians and technical people