Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Health-Related Hazardous Events in the Drinking Water Supply System from Source to Tap in Gaza Strip, Palestine

Table 2

Chlorine residual, electrical conductivity, and nitrate measurements.

	Chlorine residual (mg/liter)				Electrical conductivity (μS/cm)				Nitrate NO^3− (mg/L)
Local standard	PWA		0.2–1		PWA		250		PWA		70
International standard	WHO		0.2–1		WHO		250		WHO		50
DWSS	Mean ± SD	Min	Max	Samples met the standard (%)	Mean ± SD	Min	Max	Samples met the standard (%)	Mean ± SD	Min	Max	Samples met the standard (%)
Catchment (n = 109)	0.19 ± 0.3	0	0.9	31.2	2165.1 ± 969.8	750	5000	0	180.4 ± 108.9	35	445	12.8
Treatment plant (n = 109)	0.09 ± 0.2	0	0.9	18.3	223.1 ± 162.6	60	1010	71.5	18.8 ± 12.9	1.32	60	100
Tanker truck (n = 197)	0.03 ± 0.1	0	0.9	14.7	226.4 ± 187.6	50	1200	70.7	19.9 ± 12.9	1.32	64	100
Desalinated water at household (n = 384)	0.01 ± 0.06	0	0.3	4.3	235.4 ± 186.4	50	1300	41.9	21.9 ± 13.3	4.91	68	100
Municipal water at household (n = 384)	0.19 ± 0.3	0	0.9	30.2	2000.3 ± 908.5	750	5000	0	202.6 ± 11.02	43	456	8.8