Journal of Environmental and Public Health / 2020 / Article / Tab 2 / Research Article
Trends and Factors Associated with Healthcare Utilization for Childhood Diarrhea and Fever in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of the Demographic and Health Surveys from 2000 to 2016 Table 2 Bivariate analysis of healthcare seeking for childhood diarrhea illness in Ethiopia 2000–2016 by child, parental, and household characteristics.
Variables Care seeking for diarrhea illness Percentage difference 2000 2005 2011 2016 2000–2005 2005–2011 2011–2016 % 95% CI Sign. % 95% CI Sign. % 95% CI Sign. % 95% CI Sign. Sex of child Male 15.9 14.9–16.9 <0.001 14.4 11.8–16.8 0.799 21.1 18–24.1 0.412 3 2.5–3.5 0.562 1.5 −6.7 −5 Female 10.4 9.50–11.3 13 10.4–15.6 19.1 16–22.2 2.6 2.1–3.1 −2.6 −6.1 18.1 Child age 0–11 — — — — 11.3 8.2–14.4 0.263 1.8 1.2–2.4 <0.001 9.5 12–23 — — — — 14.4 11–17.6 2.1 1.4–2.8 12.3 24+ — — — — 14.3 11–17.5 1.7 1.3–2.1 12.6 Birth order 1st birth 5.9 4.8–7.0 5 2.1–7.9 8.7 4.9–12.5 <0.001 1.1 0.6–1.6 0.020 0.9 −3.7 7.6 2nd birth 5 3.9–6.1 <0.001 4.6 1.8–7.4 0.114 7.7 4.2–11.2 1.1 0.6–1.6 0.4 −3.1 6.6 3rd birth 3.5 2.5–4.5 4.1 1.4–6.8 5.6 2.4–8.8 0.8 0.3–1.3 −0.6 −1.5 4.8 4th & above 11.8 10.9–12.7 13.7 11.2–16.2 18.3 15.4–21 2.6 2.1–3.1 −1.9 −4.6 15.7 Total under-five birth One birth 12.3 11.3–13.3 10.7 8.0–13.4 0.277 18.2 14.9–22 0.004 3.1 2.5–3.7 0.016 1.6 −7.5 15.1 Two births 11.8 10.6–13.0 0.039 12.6 10.1–15.1 16.7 13.7–20 2.9 2.2–3.6 −0.8 −4.1 13.8 3 & above 2.3 1.2–3.4 4 1.3–6.7 5.1 1.9–8.3 0.9 0.2–1.5 −1.7 −1.1 4.2 Mother’s age <30 16.3 15.3–17.3 <0.001 17.1 14.5–19.7 0.008 25.3 22–28.4 <0.001 3.1 2.6–3.6 <0.001 −0.8 −8.2 22.2 30+ 10 7.6–12.4 10.3 7.9–12.7 14.8 11.9–18 2 1.6–2.4 −0.3 −4.5 12.8 Mother’s education No educa. 19.4 17.4–21.4 18.7 16.4–21.0 <0.001 24.6 21.8–27 <0.001 2.7 2.3–3.1 <0.001 0.7 −5.9 21.9 Primary 4.1 1.5–6.7 <0.001 6.1 3.0–9.2 12.8 9.3–16.3 1.8 1.3–2.3 −2 −6.7 11 Secondary/higher 2.8 0.6–6.3 2.5 0.01–6.2 2.8 0.001–7 0.6 0.1–1.0 0.3 −0.3 2.2 Husband’s educa. No educa. 14.5 12.5–16.5 13.4 11.1–15.7 <0.001 17 14–19.9 <0.001 1.9 1.5–2.3 0.002 1.1 −3.6 15.1 Primary 7.2 4.7–9.7 <0.001 8.8 6.0–11.6 16.6 13–19.8 1.9 1.4–2.4 −1.6 −7.8 14.7 Secondary/higher 4.6 1.7–7.5 5.2 1.9–8.5 6.5 2.4–10.6 1.3 0.8–1.8 −0.6 −1.3 5.2 Oral rehydration No 3.7 2.0–5.4 5.9 4.0–7.8 <0.001 5 2.6–7.4 <0.001 0.7 0.4–1.0 <0.001 −2.2 0.9 4.3 Yes 22.6 20.3–24.9 <0.001 21.7 18.8–24.6 35.4 32–38.4 4.6 4.1–5.1 0.9 −13.7 30.8 Exposure to media No 25.5 23.4–27.6 <0.001 23 20.7–25.3 <0.001 37.1 34–39.9 <0.001 4.3 3.9–4.7 0.852 2.5 −14.1 32.8 Yes 0.7 0.03–4.9 4.4 1.0–7.8 8.4 4.6–12.2 0.8 0.3–1.3 −3.7 −4 7.6 Antenatal care No 14.8 12.8–16.8 15.5 132–17.8 <0.001 18.4 15.6–21 <0.001 1.6 1.1–2.1 <0.001 −0.7 −2.9 16.8 1–3 5.7 1.5–9.8 <0.001 5.6 2.6–8.5 11.1 7.7–14.5 2.4 1.7–3.1 0.1 −5.5 8.7 4 and more 5.8 0.9–10.7 6.3 2.8–9.8 10.6 6.7–14.5 3.4 2.7–4.1 −0.5 −4.3 7.2 Place of delivery <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Home 22.2 20.2–24.2 23 20.7–25.3 32.8 30–35.5 4.1 3.5–4.7 −0.8 −9.8 28.7 Health facil. 4.1 0.8–7.4 0.901 4.5 0.9–8.0 7.4 3.4–11.4 3.5 2.8–4.2 −0.4 −2.9 3.9 Desire more child 0.070 0.306 0.746 No more 9 6.7–11.3 12 9.3–14.7 12.1 9.0–15.2 1.6 1.1–2.1 −3 −0.1 10.5 Wants more 17.2 15.0–19.4 15.3 12.8–17.8 28 25–30.9 3.6 3.2–4.0 1.9 −12.7 24.4 Residence Rural 19.8 17.8–21.8 <0.001 23 20.7–25.3 <0.001 31 28–33.7 <0.001 3.9 3.5–4.3 0.085 −3.2 −8 27.1 Urban 6.5 3.2–9.8 4.4 1.1–7.7 9.1 5.1–13.1 1.1 0.6–1.5 2.1 −4.7 8 Wealth index Poorest — — 3.7 1.7–5.7 <0.001 9 6.3–11.7 <0.001 1.3 0.9–1.7 −3.7 −5.3 7.7 Poorer — — 4.3 1.9–6.7 6.2 3.0–9.4 0.8 0.3–1.3 −4.3 −1.9 5.4 Middle — — 6.5 3.7–93 7.6 4.2–11.0 0.8 0.3–1.3 0.063 −6.5 −1.1 6.8 Richest — — 5.1 2.3–7.9 8.1 4.7–11.5 0.8 0.3–1.3 −5.1 −3 7.3 Richer — — 7.8 4.4–11.2 9.4 5.3–13.5 1.3 0.9–1.7 −7.8 −1.6 8.1 Postnatal care No — — 24.2 21.8–26.6 0.023 34.6 31.8–37 0.006 6.5 5.9–7.1 0.003 −24.2 −10.4 28.1 Yes — — 1.3 0.002–4.9 2.8 0.001–7 1 0.2–1.8 −1.3 −1.5 0.8
