Trends and Factors Associated with Healthcare Utilization for Childhood Diarrhea and Fever in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of the Demographic and Health Surveys from 2000 to 2016

Table 5

Multivariable logistic regression analyses of factors associated with healthcare seeking for fever illness from the 2000–2016 EDHS.

Variables	2000		2005		2011		2016
	AOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI
Distance
Big problem	—	—	0.63	0.44–0.90	1.30	0.98–1.73	1.01	0.81–1.24
Not big	—	—	1.00		1.00
Total under-five birth
1	0.93	0.68–1.29	0.85	0.50–1.43	0.81	0.55–1.20	0.73	0.51–1.04
2	0.89	0.65–1.21	0.72	0.45–1.18	0.92	0.65–1.31	0.91	0.66–1.24
3 and above	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Birth order
1^st	1.53	1.08–2.15	1.98	1.20–3.27	1.57	1.00–2.47	1.14	0.79–1.66
2^nd	1.25	0.91–1.70	1.52	0.90–2.59	1.25	0.86–1.84	1.18	0.86–1.63
3^rd	1.08	0.79–1.47	1.58	0.88–2.86	1.23	0.86–1.76	0.95	0.69–1.30
4^th and above	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Media exposure
No	0.11	0.02–0.52	1.09	0.64–1.85	1.12	0.79–1.58	0.97	0.72–1.30
Yes	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Desire to have more children
Wants no more children	1.32	1.05–1.66	0.98	0.68–1.40	1.12	0.85–1.49	0.98	0.77–1.25
Wants more children	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Mother’s age
Less than 30	1.12	0.87–1.45	0.61	0.40–0.93	1.07	0.79–1.45	1.12	0.87–1.45
30 and above	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Region
Tigray	0.84	0.46–1.54	0.16	0.04–0.61	0.15	0.02–1.50	1.73	1.05–2.87
Afar	2.31	1.23–4.34	0.40	0.09–1.73	0.39	0.04–3.89	2.55	1.47–4.42
Amhara	1.61	0.89–2.90	0.40	0.11–1.48	0.38	0.04–3.74	0.95	0.53–1.70
Oromia	2.00	1.15–3.48	0.61	0.17–2.13	0.56	0.06–5.50	1.57	0.93–2.66
Somali	3.16	1.70–5.85	0.41	0.09–1.87	0.46	0.05–4.54	0.95	0.53–1.73
Ben-Gumuz	4.04	2.22–7.35	0.81	0.21–3.14	1.09	0.11–10.74	0.70	0.38–1.31
SNNPR	2.12	1.21–3.73	0.67	0.19–2.35	0.50	0.05–4.94	1.20	0.71–2.04
Gambella	5.06	2.81–9.13	0.82	0.21–3.21	1.08	0.11–10.69	1.51	0.86–2.63
Harari	2.44	1.32–4.50	0.20	0.04–0.94	0.33	0.03–3.70	0.85	0.47–1.54
Dire Dawa	1.91	1.03–3.55	0.60	0.14–2.60	0.76	0.07–8.22	1.11	0.63–1.94
Addis Ababa	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Residence
Urban	1.86	1.30–2.67	1.25	0.65–2.42	1.61	0.98–2.64	1.76	1.19–2.60
Rural	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Wealth index
Poorest	—	—	0.62	0.33–1.22	0.47	0.27–0.80	0.90	0.55–1.47
Poorer	—	—	0.73	0.39–1.37	0.64	0.37–1.09	1.13	0.70–1.84
Middle	—	—	0.83	0.46–1.47	0.61	0.36–1.04	1.16	0.71–1.88
Richer	—	—	0.80	0.46–1.37	0.70	0.42–1.16	1.40	0.89–2.20
Richest	—	—	1.00		1.00		1.00
Sex of child
Male	1.14	0.95–1.38	1.23	0.90–1.68	0.99	0.79–1.25	1.12	0.92–1.35
Female	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Mother’s work status
Not working	1.11	0.91–1.36	0.74	0.52–1.05	1.00	0.78–1.28	0.77	0.62–0.95
Working	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Antenatal care visits
No ANC	0.64	0.46–0.89	0.62	0.37–1.01	0.52	0.37–0.75	0.84	0.60–1.16
1–3	0.93	0.68–1.29	0.64	0.36–1.11	0.63	0.43–0.91	0.91	0.72–1.16
4 and above	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Husband’s education
No education	0.89	0.63–1.26	1.14	0.65–1.99	0.98	0.59–1.62	0.91	0.65–1.28
Primary	0.93	0.66–1.30	0.97	0.56–1.67	1.01	0.62–1.63	1.33	0.99–1.79
Secondary/higher	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Mother’s education
No education	0.85	0.52–1.37	0.31	0.12–0.80	0.94	0.40–2.22	1.49	0.99–2.24
Primary	1.11	0.70–1.76	0.59	0.23–1.52	0.83	0.36–1.92	1.42	0.99–2.02
Secondary/higher	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Postnatal care
No	—	—	0.28	0.14–0.56	0.86	0.53–1.37	0.81	0.61–1.09
Yes	—	—	1.00		1.00		1.00

Significant value < 0.05.