The Associations between Blood and Urinary Concentrations of Metal Metabolites, Obesity, Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia among US Adults: NHANES 1999–2016

Figure 3

Odds ratio (OR) for type 2 diabetes by heavy metal concentration and obesity status. White denotes low metal concentration, gray for moderate, and black for high. Models were adjusted for age, sex, poverty-income ratio, ethnicity, smoking status, urinary creatinine, calories consumed per day, and physical activity status. The error bars represent the 95% confidence interval of the odds ratio. Significantly different from the reference group, (). ^†Metal group significantly different within BMI group, (). ^‡Significant metal main effect (). Obesity main effect significant in all models ().

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