Quality and Safety of Rural Community Drinking Water Sources in Guto Gida District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Table 10

Chemical characteristics of protected wells serving as water sources for the rural communities in Guto Gida district.

Sampling sites	Iron (mg/L)	Fluoride (mg/L)	Manganese (mg/L)	Nitrate (mg/L)	Sulphate (mg/L)	Zinc (mg/L)	Lead (mg/L)	Phosphate (mg/L)
D1	0.62 ± 0.44^ab	0.89 ± 0.18^ab	0.11 ± 0.08^b	6.71 ± 0.28^b	27.3 ± 5.5^b	3.81 ± 1.21^a	0.02 ± 0.02^a	0.80 ± 1.01^a
D2	0.35 ± 0.24^b	0.67 ± 0.37^ab	0.17 ± 0.21^b	11.13 ± 1.93^ab	38 ± 13.6^ab	0.89 ± 0.66^b	0.01 ± 0.01^a	0.41 ± 0.15^b
J1	0.42 ± 0.22^b	1.09 ± 0.15^a	0.15 ± 0.04^b	11.08 ± 2.90^ab	39 ± 16.9^ab	1.62 ± 1.37^b	0.02 ± 0.02^a	0.43 ± 0.46^b
J2	0.17 ± 0.25^b	0.56 ± 0.21^abc	0.04 ± 0.07^b	9.36 ± 4.22^ab	33 ± 20.1^ab	1.85 ± 0.56^ab	0.15 ± 0.09^a	0.97 ± 0.50^a
K1	0.09 ± 0.03^b	1.08 ± 0.15^a	0.11 ± 0.11^b	14.41 ± 6.23^a	58.3 ± 24^a	2.02 ± 2.26^b	0.07 ± 0.04^a	0.47 ± 0.43^b
K2	0.11 ± 0.05^b	0.07 ± 0.06^c	0.29 ± 0.25^b	10.61 ± 1.74^ab	34 ± 2.6^ab	1.10 ± 0.88^b	0.04 ± 0.07^a	0.70 ± 0.28^a
S1	1.14 ± 0.80^a	0.36 ± 0.58^bc	0.62 ± 0.19^a	7.03 ± 0.50^ab	33.3 ± 4.2^ab	1.15 ± 0.099^b	0.02 ± 0.01^a	1.08 ± 0.12^a
S2	1.17 ± 0.15^a	0.97 ± 0.30^a	0.18 ± 0.16^b	11.52 ± 6.96^ab	26.0 ± 15.1^b	1.07 ± 0.15^b	0.02 ± 0.02^a	0.77 ± 0.61^a

Data are average of triplicates; SE: standard error; numbers indicated by the same letter superscripts within the same column do not vary significantly by Duncan’s multiple range test at , D1: Dalo, J: Jato, K: Kumsa Moroda, S1: Sorga Site one, S2: Sorga Site two.