Quality and Safety of Rural Community Drinking Water Sources in Guto Gida District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Table 4

Physical properties of rural community drinking water sources (unprotected well and protected wells) in the Guto Gida district.

Sampling sites

Unprotected wells

Protected wells

Temperature ± SE (°C)

pH ± SE

EC ± SE (μS/cm)

Turbidity ± SE (NTU)

Color ± SE (Pt.Co)

TDS ± SE (mg/L)

Temperature ± SE (°C)

pH ± SE

EC ± SE (μS/cm)

Turbidity ± SE (NTU)

Color ± SE (Pt.Co)

TDS ± SE (mg/L)

D1

20.7 ± 0.4^b

6.7 ± 0.6^a

426 ± 15^a

4.8 ± 0.8^bc

15.3 ± 1.5^a

317 ± 120^a

21.1 ± 1.6^ab

6.2 ± 0.1^a

416±8^a

3.7 ± 0.5^abc

12.3 ± 2.9^a

252.7 ± 2.1^b

D2

21.0 ± 3^ab

6.5 ± 0.1^a

420 ± 69^a

5.9 ± 1.8^ab

12.0 ± 2.0^b

221 ± 102^a

23.7 ± 0.7^a

6.1 ± 0.4^a

355 ± 124^a

4.1 ± 1.3^abc

10.0 ± 2.6^a

214.3 ± 6.0^c

J1

22.0 ± 0.5^ab

6.0 ± 0.5^a

463 ± 9 ^a

2.9 ± 1.5^cd

12.0 ± 1.0^b

271 ± 24.6^a

20.8 ± 1.1^b

6.1 ± 0.1^a

404 ± 46^a

4.70 ± 0.2^ab

10.0 ± 1.0^a

27.7 ± 11.6^c

J2

24.6 ± 1.0^a

6.1 ± 1.2^a

549 ± 66^a

4.0 ± 1.6^cd

12.3 ± 2.1^ab

320 ± 25^a

20.7 ± 2.1^b

6.5 ± 0.4^a

329 ± 99^a

4.80 ± 0.2^a

9.3 ± 2.1^a

24.3 ± 4.9^c

K1

21.6 ± 2.2^ab

6.4 ± 0.5^a

363 ± 211^a

3.2 ± 1.1^cd

13 ± 1.7^ab

225 ± 119^a

22.9 ± 1.4^ab

6.3 ± 0.6^a

358 ± 108^a

4.14 ± 0.5^abc

11.6 ± 3.1^a

28.3 ± 4.5^c

K2

21.1 ± 2.2^ab

6.1 ± 0.3^a

373 ± 112^a

3.0 ± 0.8^cd

13 ± 1.0^ab

191 ± 88^a

20.5 ± 1.0^b

6.5 ± 0.3^a

318 ± 19^a

2.98 ± 1.0^cd

13.3 ± 1.5^a

187 ± 15.4^a

S1

21.5 ± 1.4^ab

6.4 ± 0.3^a

454 ± 75^a

2.1 ± 1.0^d

13 ± 1.7^ab

247 ± 71^a

22.0 ± 1.8^ab

6.5 ± 0.1^a

298 ± 23^a

3.4 ± 0.7^bcd

9.0 ± 4.4^a

191.3 ± 23.3^a

S2

23.2 ± 2.5^ab

6.1 ± 0.5^a

515 ± 83^a

8.0 ± 1.2^a

14.3 ± 2.1^ab

292 ± 32^a

20.6 ± 0.8^b

6.5 ± 0.6^a

343 ± 147^a

2.24 ± 0.4^d

9.7 ± 2.5^a

210.6 ± 8.3^a

Data are average of triplicates; SE: standard error; numbers indicated by the same letter superscripts within the same column do not vary significantly by Duncan’s multiple range test at ; D1: Dalo site 1, D2: Dalo site 2; J1: Jato site 1; K1: Kumsa Moroda site 1; K2: Kumsa Moroda site 2; S1: Sorga site 1; S2: Sorga site 2; TDS: total dissolved solids; EC: electrical conductivity.