Quality and Safety of Rural Community Drinking Water Sources in Guto Gida District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Table 7

Chemical characteristics of unprotected wells serving as water sources for the rural communities in the Guto Gida district.

Sampling sites	Iron (mg/L)	Fluoride (mg/L)	Manganese (mg/L)	Nitrate (mg/L)	Sulphate (mg/L)	Zinc (mg/L)	Lead (mg/L)	Phosphate (mg/L)
D1	0.2 ± 0.15^b	0.8 ± 0.53^ab	0.01 ± 0.01^c	31.9 ± 6.3^c	186.7 ± 27.7^bc	1.9 ± 0.6^a	0.03 ± 0.03^ab	0.85 ± 0.43^a
D2	0.1 ± 0.01^b	0.9 ± 0.82^ab	0.14 ± 0.16^bc	25.8 ± 3.4^abc	135.7 ± 33.6^c	1.1 ± 0.9^a	0.00 ± 0.00^b	0.80 ± 0.18^a
J1	0.4 ± 0.1^ab	0.9 ± 0.5^ab	0.82 ± 0.42^ab	21.1 ± 1.2^bcd	230.0 ± 50.5^ab	0.8 ± 0.6^a	0.00 ± 0.0^b	0.80 ± 0.69^a
J2	0.3 ± 0.3^ab	1.0 ± 0.6a^ab	0.90 ± 0.64^a	29.4 ± 5.7^ab	230.7 ± 54.4^ab	0.8 ± 0.7^a	0.04 ± 0.1^ab	0.68 ± 0.43a
K1	0.4 ± 0.18^ab	0.2 ± 0.12^b	0.44 ± 0.46^abc	12.2 ± 10.1^d	231.0 ± 58.0^ab	1.4 ± 1.0^a	0.15 ± 0.1^a	0.31 ± 0.02^a
K2	0.3 ± 0.14^ab	0.1 ± 0.09^b	0.54 ± 0.27^abc	11.7 ± 6.0^d	197.3 ± 86.6^a	0.7 ± 1.1^a	0.11 ± 0.1^ab	0.89 ± 0.63^a
S1	0.1 ± 0.004^b	0.1 ± 0.04^b	0.76 ± 0.27^ab	14.1 ± 4.7^d	270.0 ± 19.7^ab	2.0 ± 1.6^a	0.01 ± 0.0^b	0.86 ± 0.09^a
S2	0.7 ± 0.5^a	1.41 ± 1.21^a	0.85 ± 0.41^ab	17.8 ± 2.08^cd	286.67 ± 10.0^a	2.5 ± 1.1^a	0.04 ± 0.1^ab	0.65 ± 0.23^a

Data are average of triplicates; SE: standard error; numbers indicated by the same letter superscripts within the same column do not vary significantly by Duncan’s multiple range test at , D1: Dalo, J: Jato, K: Kumsa Moroda, S1: Sorga Site one, S2: Sorga Site two.